Put the try statement inside the while loop, catch the specific exception the operation can raise, and decide what should happen next: retry, exit, or let the error propagate. For example, catch ValueError when converting user input to an integer, then use break after a successful conversion.
Retry an operation after an expected exception
This pattern keeps asking until the input can be converted to an integer:
while True:
try:
value = int(input("Enter an integer: "))
except ValueError:
print("That was not a valid integer. Try again.")
continue
else:
break
print("Accepted:", value)int() raises ValueError for input that is not a valid integer. When that happens, Python skips the rest of the try suite, runs the matching handler, and proceeds after the try/except statement. The loop then starts another iteration. The continue makes that retry explicit; it can be omitted because reaching the end of the loop body also starts the next iteration.
The else here belongs to the try, not the loop. It runs only when the try suite completes without an exception. The break then exits the loop, so the accepted value is printed afterward. This follows the retry pattern in the Python 3.12 tutorial.
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Choose which exceptions to catch
An except clause matches the exception class named in it, including exceptions derived from that class. Catch the type the operation is expected to raise—for example, ValueError for an invalid integer conversion. You can bind the exception instance with as if you need to inspect or log it:
try:
value = int(raw_text)
except ValueError as err:
print("Could not convert the input:", err)If an exception does not match the handler, it continues propagating outward. An enclosing handler may catch it; otherwise, Python reports the error and stops execution. That is usually preferable to hiding an unexpected defect with except: or silently doing nothing with pass. The Python 3.14 tutorial recommends handling specific exceptions and allowing unexpected ones to surface.
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A broad handler such as except Exception as err can be appropriate when you add useful context or logging and then re-raise the exception. It is risky to catch broadly and continue as if the operation succeeded.
Keep the protected code small
Only put the operation that may raise the exception you intend to handle in the try suite. If unrelated success-only work is also inside it, an exception from that work may be mistaken for a failed attempt at the original operation.
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Move work that should happen only after success into the try statement’s else suite. For example, after parsing input, you could process the resulting value there; an exception raised by that processing will not be caught by the except ValueError attached to the same try.
Decide how the loop should end
A retry loop needs an intentional exit path. Use break when success means the task is complete, or update the loop condition or state when the program should continue for another reason. For a while True loop, ensure there is a reachable success case, attempt limit, cancellation path, or other way to stop; otherwise, it can retry forever.
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Do not confuse a try statement’s else with a loop’s else. A try–else runs when the try suite raises no exception. A while–else runs only when the loop ends without executing break; an exception that interrupts the loop also prevents that loop else from running. The distinction is described in the Python 3.14 language reference.
Use finally or with for cleanup
Use finally for cleanup that must happen whether the protected code succeeds or raises an exception. Avoid placing break, continue, or return inside finally: these control-flow statements can suppress an exception that would otherwise be re-raised and make the program harder to reason about, as noted in the Python 3.14 tutorial.
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For a file or another resource that supports context management, prefer a with statement where possible. It arranges for the resource to be closed even if processing raises an exception:
with open("data.txt") as file:
for line in file:
process(line)Avoid relying on exception-message text
Catch exceptions by type, and use structured data where available. The wording of an exception message is not part of Python’s API and may change between versions, so code should not depend on matching message text to decide whether to retry. The Python 3.14 language reference documents this limitation.
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