For an ordinary four-digit integer from 1000 through 9999, use random.randint(1000, 9999). For a security-sensitive code, use Python’s secrets module instead. If the code may begin with zero, generate a value from 0000 through 9999 and keep it as a four-character string.
Generate an ordinary four-digit integer
Use randint() from Python’s standard-library random module:
import random
number = random.randint(1000, 9999)
print(number)randint(a, b) includes both endpoints, so this can return any integer from 1000 to 9999, inclusive. See the Python 3.14 random documentation for the range behavior.
Generate a security-sensitive number
For authentication, password resets, or other uses where someone must not be able to predict the value, use secrets rather than random:
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import secrets
number = secrets.randbelow(9000) + 1000
print(number)secrets.randbelow(9000) returns an integer from 0 up to, but not including, 9000. Adding 1000 gives the inclusive range 1000–9999. Python’s secrets documentation recommends the module for security-sensitive values; the random documentation warns that its pseudo-random generators should not be used for security purposes.
Allow a leading zero for a four-character code
A four-digit integer cannot begin with zero. If you need exactly four displayed digits, such as a code that could be 0427, generate from 0 to 9999 and format the result as text:
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import random
code = f"{random.randrange(10_000):04d}"
print(code)randrange(10_000) selects from 0 through 9999. The :04d format pads the value with leading zeroes to four characters. Keep the result as a string: converting "0427" to an integer would lose the leading zero.
For a security-sensitive four-character code, replace the random draw with secrets.randbelow(10_000):
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import secrets
code = f"{secrets.randbelow(10_000):04d}"
print(code)Choose the right function
| Need | Use | Possible results |
|---|---|---|
| Ordinary four-digit integer | random.randint(1000, 9999) |
1000–9999, inclusive |
| Security-sensitive four-digit integer | secrets.randbelow(9000) + 1000 |
1000–9999, inclusive |
| Ordinary four-character code, with possible leading zero | f"{random.randrange(10_000):04d}" |
“0000”–”9999″ |
| Security-sensitive four-character code, with possible leading zero | f"{secrets.randbelow(10_000):04d}" |
“0000”–”9999″ |
Use integer bounds with randrange()
Pass integers to randrange(). Python 3.12 removed automatic conversion of non-integer arguments, so code should not rely on values such as floats being converted for you. The version note appears in the Python random documentation.
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