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Install pytest-cov, then run pytest --cov=YOUR_PACKAGE tests/. Replace YOUR_PACKAGE with the importable package or source path you want to measure. For a terminal report that also lists uncovered lines and a browsable HTML report, run:
python -m pip install pytest-cov
pytest --cov=YOUR_PACKAGE --cov-report=term-missing --cov-report=html tests/The HTML report is written to htmlcov/ by default. Open htmlcov/index.html in a browser. These commands use the pytest-cov 7.1.0 stable documentation, last updated March 21, 2026.
Install pytest-cov and run a basic report
pytest-cov is the pytest plugin that collects coverage while your tests run. Install it into the same Python environment used to run pytest:
python -m pip install pytest-covFrom the project root, run the tests while naming the application package or source path:
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pytest --cov=YOUR_PACKAGE tests/Replace YOUR_PACKAGE with the code you want measured, such as your importable package name, and replace tests/ if your tests live elsewhere. The default output is a terminal summary showing statements, missed statements, and coverage percentage. It does not list missing line numbers.
Show missing lines and create an HTML report
Use term-missing to include unexecuted line numbers, and html for a navigable report:
pytest --cov=YOUR_PACKAGE --cov-report=term-missing --cov-report=html tests/By default, pytest-cov creates the HTML report in htmlcov/. Open htmlcov/index.html in a browser to browse coverage by file and inspect uncovered code. To choose another directory, set an explicit destination, for example --cov-report=html:coverage-html.
Once you add any --cov-report option, pytest-cov does not automatically include its default terminal report. Include --cov-report=term or --cov-report=term-missing when you also want terminal output.
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Choose report formats and destinations
You can generate multiple report formats during the same test run. Pick the output your next step needs:
| Report | Option | Typical use and destination |
|---|---|---|
| Terminal summary | --cov-report=term |
Quick command-line summary. |
| Terminal with uncovered lines | --cov-report=term-missing |
See line numbers that were not executed. Add :skip-covered to omit files with full coverage. |
| HTML | --cov-report=html |
Interactive local browsing; default directory is htmlcov/. Set a directory with html:coverage-html. |
| XML | --cov-report=xml |
XML consumers; set a file with xml:coverage.xml. |
| JSON | --cov-report=json |
JSON consumers; set a file with json:coverage.json. |
| Markdown | --cov-report=markdown:coverage.md |
Markdown output. Append mode is also supported, including for a GitHub Actions step summary. |
| LCOV | --cov-report=lcov:coverage.info |
Consumers that expect LCOV format. |
| Annotated source | --cov-report=annotate:coverage-annotated |
Writes annotated source output to a directory. |
For terminal details, HTML, and XML in one run:
pytest --cov=YOUR_PACKAGE
--cov-report=term-missing
--cov-report=html:coverage-html
--cov-report=xml:coverage.xml
tests/An empty report option, --cov-report=, suppresses reporting output while still collecting coverage data for later processing.
Choose the code measured by coverage
--cov=PACKAGE selects a package or path to measure, and you can provide multiple --cov values. Be deliberate about source selection: a valued option such as --cov=my_package overrides the source setting in coverage configuration. If your configuration already defines the source paths, use bare --cov rather than repeating them on the command line.
If the output includes test files or other unintended code, check the selected package or path and your coverage configuration before interpreting the percentage. The report only answers the question implied by its configured measurement scope.
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Make coverage runs repeatable with project configuration
To add coverage options to pytest’s normal invocation, place them in the project’s pytest configuration. For example, in pyproject.toml:
[tool.pytest.ini_options]
addopts = "--cov=YOUR_PACKAGE --cov-report=term-missing"Because --cov accepts an optional value, avoid leaving it as the final addopts token if it could consume a following command-line argument. If you intentionally need an empty value, spell it --cov=.
Projects can contain competing configuration files such as tox.ini, pyproject.toml, and setup.cfg. If settings or source scope seem unexpected, select the intended configuration explicitly with --cov-config=PATH. The special default name .coveragerc can also trigger lookup in other supported configuration files. Explicit selection can matter when subprocesses change working directory.
Add branch coverage, thresholds, or results from multiple runs
Measure branches as well as lines
Line coverage records whether executable lines ran. Branch coverage also measures alternate control-flow paths. Enable it on the command line with --cov-branch, or configure branch measurement in coverage configuration under [run].
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Fail a run below a coverage threshold
Set a minimum total percentage with --cov-fail-under=MIN. pytest-cov fails when the total is below the requested value, making the setting suitable for a CI quality gate. coverage.py documents that its corresponding --fail-under check returns status code 2 when total coverage is below the target.
Append results intentionally
By default, pytest-cov starts a run with clean coverage data. Use --cov-append only when you deliberately want to add results from multiple test runs. The resulting data file remains available for inspection with normal coverage tools.
Attach test context
Use --cov-context=test to record dynamic context such as test names and parametrization, which can help when investigating which tests exercised code.
Troubleshoot common report problems
- The report measures the wrong files. Set
--cov=YOUR_PACKAGEto the intended package or path, or configure source paths and use bare--cov. A valued--cov=...overrides configuredsource. - No terminal table appears. Add
--cov-report=termor--cov-report=term-missing. Specifying file reports does not preserve the default terminal output automatically. - The report is in an unexpected location. Set the destination explicitly as
--cov-report=TYPE:DEST. HTML and annotate destinations are directories; XML, JSON, Markdown, and LCOV destinations are files. - Coverage configuration seems ignored. Check for competing
tox.ini,pyproject.toml, andsetup.cfgfiles, then use--cov-config=PATHto select the intended configuration. Working-directory changes and subprocesses can also affect which configuration is found. - Tests fail and you still need a report.
--no-cov-on-failcontrols whether coverage is reported when tests fail. Its default is false, so pytest-cov normally still produces a report. - You need to know which tests exercised code. Add
--cov-context=testto record test-level dynamic context.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can I create HTML, XML, and terminal coverage output in one pytest run?
Yes. Pass multiple --cov-report options in the same pytest command, including a terminal option explicitly if you want terminal output.
Does pytest-cov measure branch coverage by default?
Branch measurement is optional; enable it with --cov-branch or coverage configuration.
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