Use JavaScript’s built-in Intl.DateTimeFormat with a locale and explicit formatting options. The locale supplies conventions such as language and field order; options let you choose the calendar, numbering system, time zone, and date or time detail. Set a time zone deliberately when output must be consistent, because the same Date instant can appear as a different day in another zone.
Format a date for a locale
Pass a BCP 47 locale tag such as en-US, en-GB, fr-FR, or ja-JP to Intl.DateTimeFormat. It selects language and locale conventions, including date-field order. For example, U.S. and U.K. conventions differ, so manually joining a month, day, and year with punctuation is not a reliable way to localize a date. See the MDN constructor reference.
const instant = new Date("2026-10-04T12:00:00Z");
const formatter = new Intl.DateTimeFormat("fr-FR", {
dateStyle: "full",
calendar: "gregory",
timeZone: "Europe/Paris",
});
console.log(formatter.format(instant));The example uses a fixed instant and time zone so the result does not depend on the machine running it. If the interface should follow the user’s preferred locale, pass the locale selected by the application rather than hard-coding one. An ordered list of locale tags can be supplied when fallback preferences are needed.
Choose the calendar and numbering system
A locale has a default calendar and numbering system, but you can request different ones. Use the calendar and numberingSystem options, or the corresponding Unicode locale extensions ca and nu in the locale tag. When both a locale extension and its matching option are supplied, the explicit option takes precedence. Calendar examples include gregory, persian, and chinese.
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const formatter = new Intl.DateTimeFormat("en-US-u-ca-persian-nu-arab", {
dateStyle: "long",
calendar: "gregory",
numberingSystem: "latn",
timeZone: "UTC",
});Here the explicit options request the Gregorian calendar and Latin digits, overriding the extensions in the locale tag. To check which calendar values the runtime reports as supported where the method is available, use Intl.supportedValuesOf("calendar"). Defaults and support can vary by locale and runtime.
Set a time zone to control which day is displayed
A JavaScript Date represents an instant, not a date-only value. Formatting it in a time zone converts that instant to local date and time fields; it does not change the stored instant. Because a conversion can cross midnight, it can change the visible calendar day. MDN explains JavaScript date and time behavior in its internationalization guide.
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- Use
timeZone: "UTC"for a stable, zone-independent display convention. - Use an IANA zone such as
"America/New_York"or"Europe/Paris"when the date should reflect a particular region. - Omit
timeZoneonly when you intentionally want the runtime’s default zone. That choice can produce different output on different users’ devices.
You can request a zone name with timeZoneName. The localized name may be rendered in another form if the preferred form is unavailable.
Select a preset style or specific fields
Use dateStyle and timeStyle for locale-selected presets: "full", "long", "medium", or "short". For tighter control, request components such as weekday, year, month, day, hour, and minute.
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const dateOnly = new Intl.DateTimeFormat("en-GB", {
year: "numeric",
month: "short",
day: "numeric",
timeZone: "UTC",
});
console.log(dateOnly.format(new Date("2026-10-04T12:00:00Z")));Do not combine a date or time style shortcut with individual date/time component options in the same options object. Choose a preset when locale-native compactness is useful; specify components when the interface requires particular fields.
Customize localized output without parsing punctuation
format() returns a localized string intended for display. Its punctuation, spacing, and other details can vary across implementations; output may include non-breaking spaces or bidirectional control characters. Do not split it on commas, slashes, or spaces to recover its fields.
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For custom markup or logic around individual pieces, use formatToParts(), which returns typed parts such as month, day, and year. See MDN’s formatToParts() reference and format() reference.
const formatter = new Intl.DateTimeFormat("en-GB", {
dateStyle: "medium",
timeZone: "UTC",
});
const parts = formatter.formatToParts(new Date("2026-10-04T12:00:00Z"));
for (const part of parts) {
console.log(part.type, part.value);
}Build around the part types rather than assuming a particular order or separator. For tests, assert the requested settings or meaningful part behavior instead of requiring an exact formatted string across arbitrary runtimes.
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Check locale negotiation and runtime defaults
Intl.DateTimeFormat.supportedLocalesOf() reports which requested locales are supported without falling back to the runtime’s default locale. Use it when locale negotiation matters, and inspect resolvedOptions() to see the locale, calendar, numbering system, and time zone the formatter actually uses. References: supportedLocalesOf() and resolvedOptions().
const requested = ["fr-FR", "en-GB"];
const supported = Intl.DateTimeFormat.supportedLocalesOf(requested);
const formatter = new Intl.DateTimeFormat(requested, {
dateStyle: "medium",
timeZone: "UTC",
});
console.log(supported);
console.log(formatter.resolvedOptions());MDN describes Intl.DateTimeFormat as broadly available across browsers since September 2017, but that broad availability statement does not guarantee every newer option is supported in every target runtime. Check compatibility for the specific options your application requires. See the MDN overview.
Use Temporal values with their type-specific rules
Intl.DateTimeFormat also accepts Temporal date and time values, but not every type is used like a Date. A Temporal.ZonedDateTime should generally be formatted with its own toLocaleString() or converted appropriately. For non-ISO Temporal calendar values, provide a matching explicit calendar option. These distinctions matter when an application formats Temporal values; a basic Date workflow does not need them.
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