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A Playwright screenshot is usually cut off for one of four reasons: the call captured only the viewport, a clip rectangle excludes content, the page scrolls inside a nested element, or the layout changes with viewport size or animation. Start with await page.screenshot({ fullPage: true }). If the bottom is still missing, identify the element that owns the scrollbar, remove unintended clipping, set an explicit viewport, and disable animations when the problem is timing rather than geometry.
First, choose the screenshot you actually need
Playwright’s Page screenshot API captures the visible viewport unless told otherwise. The fullPage option defaults to false; setting it to true requests the complete scrollable document. The official API documents both behaviors at playwright.dev/docs/api/class-page, and the screenshot guide describes a full-page image as a very tall rendering of the page at the current viewport width.
import { chromium } from 'playwright';
const browser = await chromium.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'networkidle' });
// Viewport only
await page.screenshot({ path: 'viewport.png' });
// Entire document scroll area
await page.screenshot({
path: 'full-page.png',
fullPage: true
});
await browser.close();If the second file is still missing visible content, do not keep increasing fullPage. The option can only capture the document’s scrollable area; it cannot discover content hidden behind a separate scrolling panel or a crop rectangle.
Use this diagnosis sequence
- Remove or inspect
clip. A clip is an explicit rectangle withx,y,width, andheight. Any rectangle that ends above the content you need will crop it. Temporarily removeclipwhile diagnosing. - Find the scrollbar. Scroll the page manually in a headed browser. If the browser’s main scrollbar does not move while a panel scrolls, that panel—not the document—is the scroll owner.
- Check the screenshot target. A locator screenshot uses the matched element’s bounds. For a scrollable element, Playwright captures the content currently visible in that element, not every item hidden below its internal scroll position. See the Locator API.
- Make the viewport explicit. Playwright Test’s documented default is 1280 × 720. A different width can trigger a different responsive layout, changing what appears to be a cutoff. Configure width and height deliberately; the viewport guidance is in the TestOptions API.
- Separate geometry from timing. If the missing area is caused by an element still moving, capture with
animations: 'disabled'and compare the result.
Fix the common causes
1. The call is still viewport-only
Search your code for every screenshot call, including helper functions and test fixtures. It is common to set fullPage: true in one test while another helper calls page.screenshot({ path }) without it. Put the option in the shared helper so the behavior is unambiguous.
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async function saveDocument(page, file) {
await page.screenshot({
path: file,
fullPage: true
});
}
await saveDocument(page, 'article.png');fullPage changes the captured height, not the page’s responsive width. If your requirement is a fixed viewport image, keep fullPage: false and set the viewport dimensions explicitly instead.
2. An explicit clip crops the bottom or side
The clip rectangle is applied to the output. Verify that its origin and dimensions include the entire intended region. A quick isolation test is to remove the property, capture once, and then add it back with measured values.
// Diagnostic capture: no clip
await page.screenshot({
path: 'uncropped.png',
fullPage: true
});
// Deliberate crop after measuring the page
await page.screenshot({
path: 'header-and-content.png',
clip: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 1200, height: 1800 }
});If the uncropped file contains the missing material, the browser and page layout are fine; adjust the rectangle. If it does not, continue with scrollbar ownership and viewport checks.
3. A nested scroll container owns the scrollbar
Dashboards, chat logs, tables, and modal bodies often use a fixed height with overflow: auto or overflow: scroll. Their content extends the panel’s scrollHeight, not the document’s scrollHeight. Consequently, a document-level full-page capture can end at the panel’s visible box. The Playwright project has a report of this pattern involving an absolutely positioned div; see issue #12962. The discussion is a case-specific report, not a guarantee that changing the viewport fixes every nested scroller.
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Use an evaluation pass to identify candidates before changing the page:
const scrollOwners = await page.evaluate(() => {
return [...document.querySelectorAll('*')]
.filter((el) => {
const style = getComputedStyle(el);
const scrolling = /(auto|scroll)/.test(style.overflowY);
return scrolling && el.scrollHeight > el.clientHeight;
})
.map((el) => ({
tag: el.tagName,
id: el.id,
className: el.className,
clientHeight: el.clientHeight,
scrollHeight: el.scrollHeight
}));
});
console.table(scrollOwners);Once you know the selector, choose a capture strategy based on what the application allows:
- Expand the panel for a document-style image. Temporarily remove its height limit and overflow, then take the full-page screenshot.
- Capture the panel after expansion. This is useful when the panel itself, rather than the surrounding page, is the deliverable.
- Capture separate scroll positions. Use this when the interface must remain fixed-height and cannot be modified; stitch the resulting images outside Playwright if a single tall artifact is required.
const panel = page.locator('.results-panel');
await panel.evaluate((el) => {
el.dataset.originalStyle = el.getAttribute('style') || '';
el.style.height = `${el.scrollHeight}px`;
el.style.maxHeight = 'none';
el.style.overflow = 'visible';
});
try {
await page.screenshot({ path: 'expanded-panel-page.png', fullPage: true });
} finally {
await panel.evaluate((el) => {
el.setAttribute('style', el.dataset.originalStyle || '');
delete el.dataset.originalStyle;
});
}Use the real selector for your application and check that expanding it does not cover another component or alter the state you are trying to document. A locator screenshot taken before expansion will still show only the panel’s currently visible content.
4. The viewport is changing the layout
Responsive breakpoints can move controls, collapse sections, or turn the document into an inner scroller. Set dimensions in the test configuration when reproducibility matters:
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// playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
export default defineConfig({
use: {
viewport: { width: 1440, height: 900 }
}
});The documented preset is 1280 × 720. Avoid viewport: null for deterministic emulation: the TestOptions documentation says that opting out of the preset makes the viewport depend on the host window. If a reported workaround says to increase the viewport, treat it as a lead for that layout and verify the resulting DOM and scrollbar rather than adopting it blindly.
5. Animation makes the image look incomplete
The Page screenshot API allows animations by default. With animations: 'disabled', finite animations are fast-forwarded to completion and infinite animations are canceled at their initial state for the screenshot, then resume. This stabilizes what is visible at capture time; it does not increase the capture rectangle.
await page.screenshot({
path: 'stable.png',
fullPage: true,
animations: 'disabled'
});Use this when a panel, carousel, skeleton, or transition is changing between runs. If content is physically outside the captured area, return to the clip and scrollbar checks.
Build a repeatable capture helper
A small helper can make the important decisions explicit and prevent a regression to viewport-only captures:
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import { chromium } from 'playwright';
export async function capture(url, output) {
const browser = await chromium.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage({
viewport: { width: 1440, height: 900 }
});
try {
await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: 'networkidle' });
await page.screenshot({
path: output,
fullPage: true,
animations: 'disabled'
});
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
}
await capture('https://example.com', 'page.png');Keep clip out of this baseline helper. Add it only in a separate function whose purpose is an intentional crop. For pages with an identified inner scroller, expand that element in a page-specific step before invoking the helper.
Symptoms, causes, and the right change
| What you see | Most likely cause | What to inspect or change |
|---|---|---|
| Image ends at the visible browser height | Viewport capture | Set fullPage: true on the actual screenshot call. |
| Only a deliberate region is present | Clip bounds | Remove clip, then recalculate x, y, width, and height. |
| A panel shows its header but not rows below | Nested scroll container | Find the element with scrollHeight > clientHeight; expand it, capture in segments, or change the target. |
| Different runs have different wrapping or missing sections | Viewport-dependent layout | Set an explicit width and height in Playwright configuration. |
| An element is caught halfway through a transition | Animation timing | Use animations: 'disabled' and compare. |
| A locator image never includes hidden rows | Scrollable element bounds | Change the element’s overflow/height for capture or capture each scroll position. |
Reliability and performance considerations
- Keep the capture width stable. A fixed width makes responsive breakpoints and line wrapping comparable across machines.
- Use full-page mode only when required. A very tall document produces a correspondingly large image; viewport captures are smaller when you need a quick visual check.
- Do not treat a taller viewport as a universal fix. It can change layout and hide the real inner-scroll problem.
- Restore temporary styles. Expansion code should run in a
try/finallyblock so later assertions see the original page. - Record the exact options. Save the viewport, target selector, clip rectangle, and animation setting with the artifact so a future cutoff can be diagnosed instead of guessed at.
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The API supports full-page captures with lazy images loaded, a single element by CSS selector, dark mode, 12 device presets or any viewport, retina scale, PDF paper size/margins/landscape/page ranges, HTML/CSS-to-image, custom JavaScript and CSS, clicking an element before capture, hiding selectors, waits for a selector, delay, or network idle, blocking ads/trackers/requests/resource types, custom headers/cookies/user agents/Authorization, timezone and geolocation, transparent backgrounds, resizing, a caller-chosen cache TTL, signed links for public <img> tags, asynchronous jobs with signed webhooks, bulk capture of up to 100 URLs per call, a usage API, and an OpenAPI specification. Parameter names used by other screenshot APIs also work, which can simplify migration.
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params={"access_key": "YOUR_API_KEY", "url": "https://stripe.com"},
timeout=90,
)
r.raise_for_status()
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url: 'https://stripe.com'
});
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if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Screenshot failed: ${res.status}`);
const bytes = Buffer.from(await res.arrayBuffer());
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When to use each fix
Use fullPage: true for a normal document whose content extends the page. Remove or correct clip when an intentional crop is responsible. Inspect and expand a nested scroll container when the document itself does not grow. Pin the viewport when responsive layout changes between runs, and disable animations when the geometry is correct but the visual state is transient. This order isolates one variable at a time and avoids masking an inner-scroll bug with an arbitrary viewport change.
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