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What “Unexpected reserved word” means
This is a syntax error: JavaScript cannot parse the code as written. The ECMAScript 2026 language specification defines a reserved word as “an IdentifierName that cannot be used as an identifier.” In practical terms, a word with special language meaning cannot always be used as the name of a variable or other binding.
Engines phrase the message differently. V8 may report SyntaxError: Unexpected reserved word; Firefox may say implements is a reserved identifier; Safari may report Cannot use the reserved word 'implements' as a variable name. Treat the wording as a clue, not as the diagnosis: inspect the named token’s grammatical role and the context around it. See MDN’s reserved identifier error reference and the ECMAScript specification.
Fix the error step by step
- Read the line and column. Look at the token highlighted in the full error. The parser may point to the place it could no longer continue, so check the preceding expression or declaration too.
- Identify how the word is used. Is it a variable, parameter, function name, class name or another binding? Or is it an object property? A spelling that is invalid as a binding may be permitted as a property name.
- Check the surrounding context. Determine whether the code is a module, a strict-mode script, an async function or a generator. Those contexts affect which names are permitted.
- Rename an invalid binding. Choose a descriptive name that is not reserved, then update references to it.
- Parse or run the code again. If the error remains, inspect the new location and check whether a build tool or parser configuration is processing different code than you edited.
Example: rename the binding
This declaration fails because enum cannot be used as the variable name:
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const enum = { RED: 0 };Use an ordinary identifier instead:
const colorEnum = { RED: 0 };Check the word’s role before changing it
A reserved spelling is not necessarily forbidden in every position. For example, it can be valid as an object property name even when it cannot be a variable binding:
const settings = { class: "compact" };
console.log(settings.class);By contrast, using class as a variable name is invalid:
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const class = "compact";Do not rename every occurrence of the spelling indiscriminately. Check whether the parser is objecting to a binding, a property, or another grammatical role.
Contextual words and strict mode
Some words are restricted only in particular contexts. The language grammar and early-error rules determine whether a name is accepted; a word that looks like an ordinary identifier can still be disallowed in a specific position.
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| Word or group | Context to check |
|---|---|
class, const, function, return, var |
These are reserved words and cannot be used as variable or function identifiers. |
let |
Restricted in strict mode and in declaration contexts. |
yield |
Restricted in strict mode and in generator bodies. |
await |
Restricted in module code and async function bodies. |
implements, interface, package, private, protected, public, static |
Restricted as names in strict mode. |
For the exact lexical rules and contextual qualifications, consult MDN’s JavaScript lexical grammar reference. JavaScript compares identifiers by their decoded string value, so escaping the characters does not get around a reserved-word restriction: an escaped spelling that decodes to a reserved word is still treated as that word.
Common causes and what to do
- A reserved word was used as a binding: Rename the variable, parameter, function or class to a descriptive ordinary identifier.
- The error appears after switching to a module or strict mode: Recheck names such as
awaitor strict-mode-restricted words against that context. Prefer a valid name over changing the execution mode. - The highlighted word seems valid: Check whether an earlier missing delimiter or malformed expression caused the parser to lose its place. Inspect the syntax immediately before the reported token.
- The edit appears correct but the message persists: Confirm the file being executed is the one you changed, then check generated output and parser or build-tool configuration. Re-read the updated line and column after each correction.
Why disabling strict mode is not the usual fix
Renaming the invalid binding fixes the cause and works across contexts. Disabling strict mode can change program semantics, and it does not make generally reserved keywords available as bindings. Only consider a mode change when you have a separate, deliberate reason to change the program’s execution behavior.
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