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Apache Tika extracts supported audio-file metadata into a Java Metadata object. Parse the file with a Tika parser, then read the fields you need—such as title, duration, bitrate, or channel count—while allowing for tags that are absent or unsupported by the parser selected for your Tika release.
Parse an audio file and inspect its metadata
This API-oriented example uses a file-backed TikaInputStream, an AutoDetectParser for format detection, and the parser contract’s required content handler, metadata container, and parse context:
Metadata metadata = new Metadata();
ParseContext context = new ParseContext();
ContentHandler handler = new DefaultHandler();
try (TikaInputStream stream = TikaInputStream.get(path)) {
Parser parser = new AutoDetectParser();
parser.parse(stream, handler, metadata, context);
}
for (String name : metadata.names()) {
System.out.println(name + " = " + metadata.get(name));
}The parser fills metadata and emits XHTML SAX events to the content handler. The example illustrates the API shape; it is not a verified build against a particular Tika release or dependency graph. Confirm imports, signatures, and parser-package dependencies in the official documentation for the release you pin. The available sources do not establish a specific Maven coordinate, so do not copy a dependency declaration without checking that release’s installation guidance.
Read selected fields safely
After parsing, request only the properties your application needs. For example:
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String title = metadata.get(TikaCoreProperties.TITLE);
String duration = metadata.get(XMPDM.DURATION);
String channels = metadata.get(Audio.CHANNELS);These getters may return null when a tag is missing or a parser does not expose that property. Check for absence before formatting, converting, or storing values. To discover what a particular parse returned, iterate over metadata.names() as in the first example.
Apache Tika’s Audio metadata API defines useful descriptive fields (title, author, copyright, date, comment) and technical properties. Pay attention to units and representation:
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- Duration: playback duration in microseconds.
- Bitrate: average or nominal bitrate in bits per second.
- Channels: a numeric channel count.
- Bits per sample: numeric audio sample size in bits.
- Track and disc: raw tag strings can retain forms such as number/total pairs or non-numeric vinyl-side labels; normalized XMP properties may retain only a clean integer.
Some properties are per-stream. For a file containing multiple audio streams, a value can describe the last audio stream rather than every stream in the file.
Check format support in your Tika release
Do not treat successful format detection as proof that Tika can extract the metadata you need. Tika’s format guide explicitly notes that it detects more formats than it parses. Check the file’s MIME type and the parser coverage shipped with the exact release and parser package in your project. The Tika 4.0.0 format guide describes these audio parser families:
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| Parser family | Coverage described by Tika 4.0.0 | Practical consideration |
|---|---|---|
AudioParser |
audio/basic, audio/vnd.wave, audio/x-aiff, and audio/x-wav; uses standard Java javax.sound features. |
Validate both the format and the fields the parser exposes. |
MidiParser |
MIDI formats. | Use the guide’s MIME-type listing to confirm the target input. |
| Dedicated audio parsers | MP3 and MP4 audio, plus Vorbis, Speex, Opus, and FLAC. | Confirm the relevant parser is included by your chosen parser package. |
These are coverage statements for the Tika 4.0.0 guide, not a promise that every file in a listed format contains every requested tag. Record the detected MIME type and test representative files from your own inputs.
Choose automatic detection or a specific parser
AutoDetectParser is useful when your input may contain different or unknown formats. If the input is deliberately constrained to a known format, you can instead construct the corresponding parser. Either way, metadata extraction still depends on parser support and on what is actually present in the file.
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- Pin a Tika release and include the parser package appropriate to the formats you handle.
- Create a
Metadataobject and aParseContext. - Parse a file-backed
TikaInputStream, supplying aContentHandleralong with the metadata and context. - Inspect the detected content type and compare it with the selected release’s parser coverage.
- Read named metadata fields, handling missing values instead of assuming every file has tags.
When built-in parsing is not enough
If a built-in parser does not support the format or field you require, Tika’s External Parser can be explicitly configured to call a command-line program such as FFmpeg. The External Parser guide describes an FFmpeg example that reads standard error with a regex-based handler and sets metadata fields.
This route adds an operational dependency: the external executable must be available and deliberately configured in the environment where your application runs. It is not automatic behavior of the standard parser set.
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Metadata extraction is not speech transcription
Reading tags and technical stream properties is different from converting speech into text. Tika’s format guide lists Amazon Transcribe as an optional ML-module integration; it is not part of the standard parser set and serves a different task.
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