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In Mermaid flowcharts, lowercase end is a documented parser trap: capitalize it as End or END when you want that word in a node label. For punctuation and other awkward label characters, use a quoted label or entity codes. In state diagrams, keep the state identifier simple and put the visible wording in a separate description.
Fix lowercase end in a flowchart
Mermaid’s flowchart documentation warns that lowercase end in a flowchart node can break parsing. Its documented recommendation is to capitalize the entire word or any of its letters, such as End or END.
flowchart LR
A[End] --> B[END]This is a case-specific fix for the documented lowercase token. The documentation also mentions a workaround, but the syntax is not included in the cited excerpt; use the current flowchart documentation rather than guessing its form if capitalization is unsuitable.
Handle punctuation in flowchart labels
A node identifier and its displayed text are separate parts of flowchart syntax. For example, id1 identifies the node and the bracketed phrase supplies its visible label. When punctuation makes a label troublesome, quote the displayed text:
#1 Best Overall
flowchart LR
id1["This is the (text) in the box"]Mermaid also documents entity codes for characters that need escaping in labels. Its example uses #quot; to display a double quote; decimal character values and HTML character names are supported as well.
flowchart LR
A["A double quote: #quot;"]Use these label techniques for special characters; they are distinct from the specific lowercase end reserved-word issue.
Separate a state’s identifier from its description
In a state diagram, connect states using simple identifiers, then give the state a separate visible description. Mermaid’s state diagram documentation shows two forms:
state "This is a state description" as s2
s2 : This is a state descriptionFor transitions, refer to the identifier, not the displayed wording:
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state "Ready for review" as review
review --> approvedThis lets the diagram show wording that is clearer or more natural than the stable token used to connect states.
Choose the fix for the problem
| Problem | Diagram type | Documented approach | What it changes |
|---|---|---|---|
Node label is exactly lowercase end |
Flowchart | Capitalize it, for example End or END |
Changes the visible label’s letter case |
| Punctuation or troublesome characters in visible text | Flowchart | Quote the label; use entity codes when needed | Keeps the displayed text separate from the node identifier |
| State wording should not be the token used in connections | State diagram | Use state "description" as id or id : description |
Separates the state identifier from its visible description |
Troubleshoot a diagram that still fails
- Confirm the diagram type. Flowcharts and state diagrams have different syntax; do not assume that a flowchart rule applies to state diagrams.
- Check the exact token. If the flowchart label is lowercase
end, test a capitalization such asEnd. - Isolate punctuation issues. Put the visible flowchart label in quotes, and try entity codes for characters that still interfere with parsing.
- Use a separate state description. In a state diagram, give the state a simple identifier and add its displayed text with a quoted description or colon description.
- Reduce the diagram to a minimal example. Test that snippet in the same renderer and Mermaid version where the full diagram is used; embedded renderers may use different versions or configurations.
The official syntax pages cited here document a lowercase end warning for flowcharts and identifier/description patterns for state diagrams. They do not establish a complete shared reserved-word list across both diagram types.
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