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Enable the media query your application uses
Playwright supports media emulation for both forced-colors and prefers-contrast. These options are available in Browser and BrowserContext media emulation and as Playwright Test options; the TestOptions documentation marks them as added in Playwright v1.50. Pin the Playwright version in CI if your tests depend on them.
Test forced colors in Firefox
For application rules such as @media (forced-colors: active), set forcedColors: 'active' on a Firefox test or project. For example, a Playwright Test file can contain:
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
test.use({
browserName: 'firefox',
forcedColors: 'active',
});
test('keeps content usable in forced colors', async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto('/');
// Confirm the intended media condition is active.
expect(await page.evaluate(() =>
matchMedia('(forced-colors: active)').matches
)).toBe(true);
// Replace this with assertions for your page's actual user outcomes.
await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Account settings' })).toBeVisible();
await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save changes' })).toBeVisible();
});Change the example URL and accessible names to match your application. The media-query assertion verifies test setup; it does not prove that text is readable, controls are distinguishable, or focus is visible. Assert those outcomes in the relevant component or page—for example, that a selected state has a non-color indicator, a focused control has a visible outline, or a warning remains understandable without relying on its color alone.
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Test the stronger contrast preference
If the application has a separate @media (prefers-contrast: more) branch, add a distinct test using contrast: 'more':
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
test.use({
browserName: 'firefox',
contrast: 'more',
});
test('applies the stronger-contrast design', async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto('/');
expect(await page.evaluate(() =>
matchMedia('(prefers-contrast: more)').matches
)).toBe(true);
// Assert a meaningful visible result from your own contrast rule.
await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Continue' })).toBeVisible();
});Do not treat this as a substitute for the forced-colors test. Firefox HCM can make both queries match, but each query expresses a different condition. A page may have separate CSS branches for them, so verify both when both are part of the design.
Configure Firefox HCM itself when that is what you need
Media emulation is usually the simplest deterministic way to target a CSS media query. If your test needs to exercise Firefox’s own HCM preference, launch Firefox with the documented preference browser.display.document_color_use set to 2:
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import { firefox } from 'playwright';
const browser = await firefox.launch({
firefoxUserPrefs: {
'browser.display.document_color_use': 2,
},
});
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('http://localhost:3000/');
const media = await page.evaluate(() => ({
forcedColors: matchMedia('(forced-colors: active)').matches,
moreContrast: matchMedia('(prefers-contrast: more)').matches,
}));
console.log(media);
// Add assertions for the Firefox-specific behavior under test.
} finally {
await browser.close();
}Mozilla documents the preference values as 0 for following platform settings, 1 for forcing HCM off, and 2 for forcing Firefox HCM on. This path is useful when the preference itself is part of the behavior being validated; it is more Firefox-specific than directly emulating a media condition. Keep the two approaches conceptually separate: one sets Firefox’s preference, while the other asks Playwright to emulate a media feature.
Choose a test setup that matches the claim you want to make
| Approach | What it targets | When to use it | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|---|
forcedColors: 'active' |
forced-colors: active |
Testing forced-colors CSS and behavior | Direct media emulation; does not by itself verify every aspect of Firefox’s own preference handling. |
contrast: 'more' |
prefers-contrast: more |
Testing a stronger-contrast media-query branch | It is a contrast preference, not the forced palette condition. |
browser.display.document_color_use: 2 |
Firefox’s HCM preference | Validating Firefox-specific HCM behavior | Firefox-specific setup; use when the browser preference matters rather than merely targeting a CSS query. |
If your application handles both media features, make the coverage explicit: one test for forced colors, another for the stronger contrast preference, and—only where relevant—a Firefox-preference test. Avoid inferring that one passing test covers all three.
Design assertions around accessibility outcomes
A media query becoming active is only a setup check. The useful regression tests ask whether people can still perceive and operate the interface under the emulated condition.
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- Text and controls: Check that essential content and interactive controls remain visible and distinguishable.
- Focus: Move keyboard focus to important controls and verify the focus indicator remains visible.
- Color-independent meaning: Ensure errors, status, selection, and other information are not conveyed by color alone.
- System colors: In forced-colors styles, consider CSS system colors such as
Canvas,CanvasText,ButtonFace, andButtonText. Pair foreground and background choices for controls so their text and surfaces remain legible together. - Opt-outs: Give every intentional use of
forced-color-adjust: noneregression coverage. That property opts an element out of the browser’s color overriding, so verify that the element still has appropriate explicit colors and remains understandable.
Prefer assertions on accessible roles, names, visible state, and interaction in addition to computed styles. A CSS value can be correct while a control is obscured, too subtle to identify, or unusable with a keyboard. Likewise, a generic assertion that an element is visible does not establish sufficient contrast; include targeted checks for the particular visual treatment your interface relies on.
Organize the Firefox project and CI run
For a small suite, test.use() can scope the browser and emulation options to a file or describe block. For a larger suite, keep a named Firefox project in the Playwright configuration and put the mode-specific options on the tests or project intended to use them. This makes it easier to see which test is exercising which query and reduces the risk of accidentally running a high-contrast assertion in a default context.
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- Set
forcedColors: 'active'for forced-colors coverage andcontrast: 'more'for a separate contrast-preference case as needed. - Check the expected media query inside a setup-focused assertion when diagnosing configuration problems.
- Assert user-visible behavior in the tests that cover each important component or page.
- Pin the Playwright and Firefox versions used in CI, and update them deliberately so environment changes do not masquerade as application regressions.
The Playwright TestOptions documentation marks forcedColors and contrast as added in v1.50. If a project reports an unknown option, first check its installed Playwright version rather than assuming the test syntax is wrong.
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Troubleshoot common failures
The test runner says an option is unknown
Check the installed @playwright/test version and the version used to run the suite. The documented TestOptions fields were added in v1.50; update and pin a version that includes them if the project is older. Keep package versions aligned so the test runner and Playwright APIs are not out of step.
The media-query assertion returns false
Confirm the option is applied to the same test context that creates the page, and that the test is actually running in the Firefox project. For a file-level setup, put test.use() before the tests it should configure. Check the query string exactly: forced colors uses (forced-colors: active), while the stronger preference uses (prefers-contrast: more). Do not expect setting one option to imply the other in every setup.
The query matches, but the page still looks wrong
A matching media query proves that the condition was emulated; it does not prove the CSS is accessible. Inspect the component’s forced-colors or contrast styles, its use of system colors, and any forced-color-adjust: none exception. Then add assertions for legibility, visible focus, and non-color cues rather than changing the media emulation to solve a styling defect.
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The Firefox preference test behaves differently from the emulation test
That difference may reflect the fact that the tests set different things: one emulates a media feature, while the other changes Firefox’s HCM preference. First decide whether the requirement concerns a CSS branch or Firefox-specific preference behavior. Use the direct media option for the former and the Firefox preference path for the latter; retain separate tests if both matter.
Or skip the browser setup
For a screenshot of a page without writing and maintaining browser-capture setup, ScreenshotNeo offers a one-request screenshot API. This call captures a page; it does not set Playwright’s forcedColors or contrast options and should not replace the Firefox tests above when you need to validate either media condition.
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request details. Before capture, it accepts the cookie or consent banner like a visitor and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets; each of those steps can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, failed loads, timeouts, and cache hits are not billed, and responses identify the page verdict and billing status in headers. Its MCP server provides take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf tools for Claude, Cursor, and other MCP clients. The Free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots.
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