To make in-page links scroll smoothly, set scroll-behavior: smooth on the root element, html. For accessibility, turn that effect off when a visitor has requested reduced motion:
html {
scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
html {
scroll-behavior: auto;
}
}Use ordinary anchor links with matching element IDs. For a separately scrollable panel, put the same rules on that panel instead of html.
Make anchor links scroll smoothly
A link such as <a href="#features">Features</a> navigates to the element whose ID is features. The browser normally moves directly to the destination. Setting scroll-behavior: smooth on the root element changes that navigation to a smooth scroll.
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Smooth in-page navigation</title>
<style>
html {
scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
html {
scroll-behavior: auto;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<nav aria-label="On this page">
<a href="#features">Skip to features</a>
</nav>
<main>
<section style="min-height: 100vh">
<h1>Overview</h1>
<p>Scroll down, then use the link above to return to this section.</p>
</section>
<section id="features">
<h2>Features</h2>
<p>This is the destination of the in-page link.</p>
</section>
</main>
</body>
</html>The link remains a real link: it works without JavaScript and retains normal browser navigation behavior. CSS changes how the browser moves to the target; it does not replace the link.
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Choose the right scrolling element
Document viewport
For page-wide anchor navigation, put the declaration on html, the document root. The viewport is the scrolling box in this case. Setting scroll-behavior on body does not propagate the behavior to the viewport, so it may appear not to work as intended. See MDN’s scroll-behavior reference.
Nested scrollable region
If a panel has its own scrollbar, apply the rule to that scroll container. Its contents will then scroll smoothly when navigation or a scrolling API targets something inside it:
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.scroll-container {
height: 20rem;
overflow-y: auto;
scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
.scroll-container {
scroll-behavior: auto;
}
}Use the actual element that scrolls. Applying the declaration to an outer wrapper that does not own the scrolling position will not control the inner panel.
Respect reduced-motion preferences
The prefers-reduced-motion: reduce media query matches when a visitor has enabled their device or operating-system setting to reduce non-essential motion. Overriding smooth scrolling with auto gives those users instant movement instead. Keep the override after the general rule so it wins in the cascade. MDN explains the preference and its accessibility context in its prefers-reduced-motion reference.
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Do not add smooth scrolling globally without considering this preference. Motion that feels subtle to one visitor can cause discomfort for someone with a vestibular disorder.
What smooth scrolling does—and does not—control
The property applies when scrolling is triggered by navigation or by CSSOM scrolling APIs. It does not alter direct user scrolling with a mouse wheel or touch gesture. Its two main values are:
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| Value | Behavior | Typical use |
|---|---|---|
auto |
Scrolls instantly. | Default-like behavior and reduced-motion overrides. |
smooth |
Scrolls smoothly using timing selected by the browser. | In-page links and programmatic navigation where motion is appropriate. |
CSS does not provide a duration or easing curve for scroll-behavior. The browser chooses both. The W3C CSSOM View Module specifies that smooth scrolling occurs over a user-agent-defined amount of time and in a user-agent-defined fashion; scrolling can also be aborted by an algorithm or by the user. The property is not animatable.
Check that the destination behaves as expected
- Confirm the link’s fragment exactly matches an element ID, for example
href="#pricing"andid="pricing". - Check that the CSS rule applies to the root element for document scrolling, or to the scrolling panel for nested scrolling.
- Test with reduced motion both enabled and disabled; the former should use the instant
autobehavior. - Test keyboard navigation as well as pointer activation. Native anchor links preserve the browser’s usual navigation semantics.
Troubleshooting
The page jumps instead of scrolling
Make sure scroll-behavior: smooth is applied to html, not only body, and check that no later rule overrides it with auto. Also check whether reduced motion is enabled; with the recommended media query, an instant jump is expected in that case.
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A panel’s links move the page, not the panel
Verify that the panel is actually scrollable—for example, it has constrained height and overflow-y: auto—and apply scroll-behavior to that same element. A declaration on the document root controls viewport scrolling, not every nested box.
Wheel or touch scrolling is unchanged
That is expected. This property affects scrolling initiated by navigation and CSSOM scrolling APIs, not direct user input.
The scroll speed or easing is not what I want
scroll-behavior has no CSS controls for duration or easing; browsers choose those details. If you need a specific animation, this property alone does not provide it. Avoid overriding a user’s reduced-motion preference when designing any custom motion.
Browser support
MDN marks scroll-behavior as Baseline Widely available and reports availability across browsers since March 2022. Browsers are permitted to ignore the property, so if a particular minimum browser version is a requirement, check MDN’s current compatibility table for the browsers you support.
Or skip the browser setup
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