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Create a TestNG suite XML file with a <suite> root, put tests inside <test> elements, and set both a parallel mode and thread-count. The mode decides which work can run concurrently; choose it based on what your tests share, not just the number of threads you want.
Create a basic parallel TestNG XML file
Save a file such as testng.xml at your project root or wherever your build or test runner expects it. Replace the example class names below with fully qualified names of TestNG test classes available on the test runtime classpath.
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "https://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="ParallelSuite" parallel="tests" thread-count="4">
<test name="Regression">
<classes>
<class name="com.example.tests.LoginTest"/>
<class name="com.example.tests.CheckoutTest"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>This selects parallel="tests" and permits up to four threads for parallel tests. The shown suite contains only one <test> block, so this example alone does not provide multiple test blocks to schedule concurrently under that mode. To parallelize separate groups with parallel="tests", add multiple <test> blocks.
Use classes or packages
Inside each <test>, list classes with <classes> and <class name="..."/>, as above. TestNG also supports selecting packages with <packages>; this is useful when a group of annotated test classes belongs to a package. Classes named in the XML should contain TestNG annotations.
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Choose the parallel mode that matches your tests
TestNG’s parallel modes differ in what is assigned to a thread. Use the narrowest concurrency boundary that meets your speed goal, especially when tests share mutable state, browser sessions, fixtures, or external test data.
| Mode | What can run concurrently | What stays together | Isolation consideration |
|---|---|---|---|
methods |
Test methods can execute in separate threads. | TestNG respects dependency ordering. | Methods in the same class may overlap; check shared fields, setup state, and external resources. |
tests |
Separate XML <test> elements can execute in separate threads. |
Methods within one <test> run in one thread. |
Group classes that should remain on the same thread in one <test>; separate groups must be safe to overlap. |
classes |
Separate classes can execute in separate threads. | Methods of a class stay in one thread. | Useful when a class’s methods should not overlap, while independent classes may run together. |
instances |
TestNG documents this as a supported parallel mode. | Exact instance behavior depends on the use case and TestNG version. | Consult the documentation for the project’s TestNG version before relying on its instance scheduling semantics. |
Parallel execution is not an isolation guarantee. A mode that keeps methods together on one thread does not make shared databases, static fields, files, or remote services safe when separate threads access them concurrently.
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Set the thread limit
thread-count sets the maximum number of threads used for tests when a parallel mode is selected. Setting a count by itself does not turn parallel execution on; configure parallel as well. The command-line -threadcount option sets a default maximum, and a suite definition can override it.
Start with a conservative count and increase it only after checking that the tests and their dependencies tolerate concurrency. A larger thread count can increase contention for browsers, database connections, CPU, memory, or rate-limited services; it does not guarantee a proportionate reduction in elapsed time.
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Configure parallel data providers separately
For data-driven tests, @DataProvider(parallel = true) enables parallel data-provider invocations. TestNG documentation states that each parallel data provider running from an XML file uses a thread pool with a default size of 10. This is a configuration default, not a performance result; set data-provider-thread-count when you need to override it.
Starting with TestNG 7.9.0, the suite-level attributes share-thread-pool-for-data-providers and use-global-thread-pool provide shared-pool controls. Use the TestNG version actually configured in your project before adding these newer attributes. The documentation recommends the testng-1.1.dtd declaration for IDE completion of these settings; older suites can use the testng-1.0.dtd declaration shown in the basic example.
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Run the suite
When TestNG is on the classpath, its documented command-line invocation is:
java org.testng.TestNG testng.xmlA Maven or Gradle build, IDE, or CI job may have its own test invocation and dependency setup. Use the project’s configured runner and point it at the suite file as appropriate; the command above is not the only way to launch TestNG.
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Troubleshoot common problems
- Tests run sequentially: Confirm that the suite has a
parallelmode as well asthread-count. If usingparallel="tests", make sure there is more than one<test>block with work to schedule. - A class cannot be found or selected: Check that its XML name is fully qualified, the class is compiled, and it is on the test runtime classpath. Confirm that the class contains TestNG annotations.
- Shared state causes intermittent failures: Identify shared fields, fixtures, browser sessions, files, and test data. Isolate or synchronize the shared resource, use unique data per concurrent test, or choose a mode that keeps the dependent work together.
- Adding threads makes the suite unstable or slower: Reduce
thread-countand check resource contention, service limits, and whether tests can safely overlap. More concurrency consumes more resources and is not automatically faster. - Data-provider executions exceed expected concurrency: Review
@DataProvider(parallel = true), the default pool size, anddata-provider-thread-count. Also check whether the suite is using a shared-pool option supported by its TestNG version. - IDE reports an unknown suite attribute: Verify the TestNG dependency version and DTD declaration. The shared-pool attributes require TestNG 7.9.0 or newer; the documentation associates their IDE completion with
testng-1.1.dtd.
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For capturing a screenshot of a web page—for example, a visual artifact related to a test run—you can use ScreenshotNeo. It is a website screenshot API and MCP server, not a replacement for TestNG or a way to execute Java tests. Make one GET request with the page URL; the API returns an image or PDF. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation.
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpScreenshotNeo accepts cookie or consent banners before capture and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets; each of those steps can be turned off. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and the response identifies the page verdict and billing status in headers. Its MCP server provides take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf tools for AI agents. The Free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots. Sign up for free and get 1,000 screenshots a month with no card.
Sources
Frequently Asked Questions
Does thread-count enable parallel execution by itself?
No. Select a suite parallel mode as well; the thread count is the maximum for tests when parallel execution is selected.
Which DTD should I use for shared data-provider thread-pool settings?
For IDE completion of share-thread-pool-for-data-providers and use-global-thread-pool, TestNG documentation recommends testng-1.1.dtd; those attributes are available starting with TestNG 7.9.0.
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