Use the native HTML <progress> element for a task’s completion status. Give it a label and, for determinate progress, set a numeric value and a positive max. Its basic semantics are widely supported; styling can vary, so test the browsers and assistive technologies your project supports.
Build a progress bar with semantic HTML
Associate a visible label with the element. In this example, the value is 45 out of 100:
<label for="upload-progress">Upload progress</label>
<progress id="upload-progress" max="100" value="45">45%</progress>The max attribute describes the total work and defaults to 1. It must be greater than zero. A supplied value must be a valid number from zero through the maximum. With the default maximum, for example, value="0.45" represents 45%.
The text inside <progress> is fallback content; it does not replace the accessible name. Keep any additional visible percentage or status message synchronized with the actual value.
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Show indeterminate progress
When work is underway but its completion cannot be measured, omit value:
<label for="upload-progress">Uploading file</label>
<progress id="upload-progress" max="100"></progress>To switch an existing determinate bar to indeterminate with JavaScript, remove its value attribute rather than setting the value to zero:
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const progress = document.querySelector('#upload-progress');
progress.removeAttribute('value');To return to determinate progress, set a valid value again, such as progress.value = 45.
Give the progress bar an accessible name and context
A visible, associated <label> is usually the clearest accessible name. If a visible label is not suitable, use aria-label or point aria-labelledby to existing label text. The native element already has an implicit progressbar role, so adding that role is unnecessary.
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If the bar describes a region that is actively being updated, MDN recommends connecting the bar to that region with aria-describedby and setting aria-busy="true" on the region while the update is in progress:
<section id="upload-status" aria-busy="true" aria-describedby="upload-progress">
<label for="upload-progress">Upload progress</label>
<progress id="upload-progress" max="100" value="45">45%</progress>
</section>When the region is no longer being updated, set aria-busy to false.
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Style it without sacrificing compatibility
Start with the native element, then apply visual enhancements and check the result in your actual target browsers. The element is widely available, but that does not guarantee identical rendering or a universal recipe for browser-specific pseudo-elements. The available references do not establish a dependable styling matrix for every engine or version.
Use CSS to set the bar’s size and surrounding layout if those properties meet your design needs. For engine-specific track or fill styling, treat each rule as something to validate—not as a promise of identical appearance. Avoid replacing the native element with generic markup solely to gain visual control unless you are prepared to recreate and maintain its semantics and state.
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Choose native or custom markup
| Approach | What it provides | What you must check |
|---|---|---|
Native <progress> |
Task-progress semantics and an implicit progressbar role. | Visual differences in the browsers and versions your project supports. |
| Custom widget | More direct control over markup and visual rendering. | An accessible name, progressbar role, correctly maintained value and state properties, and assistive-technology behavior. |
For a custom determinate ARIA progressbar, provide and update aria-valuenow. For indeterminate progress, omit aria-valuenow. Prefer native <progress> unless a specific requirement justifies taking on this extra work.
Test the states that can fail silently
- Check the target matrix. Test the minimum browser versions and assistive technologies your project actually supports. MDN describes the element as widely available and says it has been available across browsers since July 2015, but that is not a guarantee for every old version or identical styling. MDN’s progress reference and the WHATWG HTML Standard document the element and its semantics.
- Exercise determinate values. Check zero, an intermediate value, and completion at the maximum. Confirm displayed text stays in sync.
- Exercise indeterminate state. Confirm that omitting or removing
valueproduces the intended state. - Check the accessible name and announcements. Verify the label and current value/state with the assistive technologies in your support matrix.
- Review visual styling per engine. Check dimensions, track and fill appearance, and any browser-specific CSS in each target. The available standards references do not establish a universal vendor-specific styling recipe.
Troubleshoot common problems
- The bar appears complete when it should be indeterminate: remove the
valueattribute. A value of zero is determinate, not indeterminate. - The bar is missing or has an unexpected value: check that
maxis greater than zero and thatvalueis numeric and between zero andmax. - Assistive technology does not announce a useful name: associate a visible
<label>, or supplyaria-labeloraria-labelledby. Text nested inside the progress element is fallback content, not its label. - The bar looks different between browsers: basic support does not imply identical appearance. Inspect the CSS against the project’s actual browser targets and avoid assuming one vendor-specific pseudo-element works everywhere.
- A custom bar reports stale progress: update its ARIA value and state whenever the displayed progress changes; omit
aria-valuenowwhile it is indeterminate.
Or skip the browser setup
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