Use Python’s built-in bytes.fromhex() method to convert hexadecimal text to bytes. Each pair of hex digits makes one byte, and the method ignores ASCII whitespace between digits.
Convert a hex string with bytes.fromhex()
Call the method on bytes and pass it a string containing hexadecimal digits:
hex_string = "2Ef0 F1f2"
data = bytes.fromhex(hex_string)
print(data) # b'.xf0xf1xf2'Every two hexadecimal digits represent one byte. The space in the input is accepted, so the string can be grouped for readability. Python’s built-in types documentation shows the same conversion behavior.
Input rules and common errors
The input must contain hexadecimal digits in pairs. ASCII whitespace between digits is ignored; Python 3.7 expanded this behavior from spaces to all ASCII whitespace. A leading 0x prefix, punctuation, or other non-hex characters are not part of the documented accepted format, so remove or handle them explicitly before conversion if your input format includes them.
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For untrusted or externally supplied text, handle conversion failures at the boundary where your program can report invalid input or recover. The exact exception behavior for malformed input is not stated here as a cross-version guarantee.
Alternative: binascii.unhexlify()
The standard-library binascii.unhexlify() function is another way to decode hexadecimal input. The Python 3.10 documentation requires an even number of hexadecimal digits and notes that malformed length raises binascii.Error. Unlike bytes.fromhex(), it is less liberal about whitespace. For ordinary string input where whitespace may appear, bytes.fromhex() is usually the simpler choice.
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import binascii
data = binascii.unhexlify("2ef0f1f2")See the Python 3.10 binascii documentation for the function’s documented constraints.
Convert bytes back to hexadecimal text
Use .hex() to turn bytes into a string with two hexadecimal digits per byte:
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hex_again = data.hex()
print(hex_again) # 2ef0f1f2The Python built-in types documentation also describes optional separators for formatting the output.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Python version note
As of Python 3.14, bytes.fromhex() also accepts ASCII bytes and bytes-like objects as input. Earlier versions expect a string for this use. If you pass an input other than str, check the documentation for the Python version you run.
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