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To run Nextcloud behind an nginx reverse proxy, configure nginx to pass the intended host and client-IP headers, then tell Nextcloud exactly which proxy addresses it may trust. Add URL overrides only when Nextcloud detects the wrong public host, HTTPS scheme, or subdirectory. nginx must also handle Nextcloud’s CalDAV and CardDAV discovery redirects.
Start with the public URL and proxy path
Before changing settings, identify the URL users enter and how requests reach Nextcloud: whether nginx terminates public HTTPS, whether Nextcloud is served at the domain root or a path such as /nextcloud, and whether clients can also reach the server directly. The right configuration depends on those details; there is no single server block that fits every nginx, PHP-FPM, container, and TLS layout.
- Record the public hostname, scheme, and any path prefix.
- Determine nginx’s actual address as seen by Nextcloud, including whether the upstream connection uses TCP/IP or a Unix-domain socket.
- Check which
Hostand forwarding headers nginx sends upstream. Those headers must match the proxy addresses Nextcloud trusts.
Set the trusted proxy boundary
Nextcloud’s stable Server 35 Administration Manual says administrators must explicitly identify trusted proxies. The reverse-proxy configuration guide supports IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and CIDR ranges. Use the exact proxy address or a deliberately narrow range that reflects your network, rather than trusting arbitrary clients.
Nextcloud uses X-Forwarded-For by default to identify the original client. If nginx uses a different header, configure forwarded_for_headers to match. Incorrect header configuration can allow client-IP spoofing, even when requests pass through a trusted proxy. Configure nginx to construct or overwrite forwarding headers consistently with the trusted boundary; do not blindly accept a client-supplied forwarding value.
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In Nextcloud’s config.php, the relevant setting is trusted_proxies. Its values must be the proxy addresses Nextcloud actually sees, not automatically the public address of the nginx listener. Confirm the network path before choosing an address or CIDR.
Correct the public hostname, HTTPS scheme, or path only when needed
Nextcloud normally detects the public URL from the request and headers. If detection is wrong, its configuration reference documents these overrides; they address different problems and should not be added indiscriminately.
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| Setting | Use it when | What it controls |
|---|---|---|
overwritehost |
Nextcloud generates links with the wrong host or port. | Forces a host and optional port. The manual says it is unnecessary in most setups when the proxy forwards the Host header. |
overwriteprotocol |
nginx terminates public TLS, forwards HTTP internally, and Nextcloud generates HTTP URLs or otherwise fails to recognize HTTPS. | Sets the public scheme to http or https. |
overwritewebroot |
Nextcloud is publicly served beneath a path such as /nextcloud, and automatic detection does not identify that prefix. |
Sets the public path prefix. |
overwritecondaddr |
Overrides should apply only when requests come from a matching proxy address, such as when the instance is also directly reachable or uses multiple public domains. | Conditions overrides on a regular expression matching the remote address. |
overwrite.cli.url |
Command-line or background jobs need a canonical base URL. | Sets the base URL used for URLs generated outside ordinary web requests; Nextcloud says it should generally match the URL users access. |
For example, if the public URL is HTTPS but nginx connects to Nextcloud over HTTP, first make sure nginx forwards the correct host and forwarding information and that its address is trusted. If Nextcloud still infers the internal HTTP scheme, set overwriteprotocol to https. If the public URL includes /nextcloud, set the matching webroot and ensure nginx routes that prefix consistently. Adapt values to your host, port, path, and proxy address; do not copy example values literally.
When direct access and proxy access must coexist, a conditional override can prevent a proxy-specific host or scheme from being applied to direct requests. Choose a canonical URL for generated links where users can enter through multiple public domains.
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The Server 35 reverse-proxy guide describes these options. The latest configuration reference is labeled Nextcloud 36; because it is a newer reference than the stable Server 35 manual, check version-specific behavior before applying it to a stable Server 35 installation: configuration reference.
Make nginx handle CalDAV and CardDAV discovery
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Work through nginx-specific failures only if they match your setup
Unix-domain socket upstreams and client IP
If nginx connects to the upstream through a Unix-domain socket, Nextcloud’s nginx guide notes that nginx may set REMOTE_ADDR to the literal unix:. For that case, the guide documents set_real_ip_from unix: and real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For; in the socket-listening server block. The upstream must supply the forwarding header correctly—for example, with proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;. These directives address the socket case; they are not a general requirement for TCP/IP upstreams. See the nginx configuration guide.
HTTP/3 with PHP-FPM and an untrusted-domain screen
If HTTP/3 is enabled and Nextcloud uses PHP-FPM, check whether HTTP_HOST reaches PHP before changing trusted_domains. The nginx guide warns that HTTP/3 can result in the host not being forwarded to PHP-FPM, producing an “Access through untrusted domain” screen even when the domain is listed. It recommends adding fastcgi_param HTTP_HOST $host; alongside the other FastCGI parameters. This is a conditional HTTP/3/PHP-FPM issue, not a universal proxy directive. See the nginx guide.
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Browser uploads fail above 10 MiB
If nginx has a broad rule denying hidden dot files and browser uploads larger than 10 MiB fail, check whether the rule blocks Nextcloud’s /.file upload URL. The 10 MiB figure is the threshold described in Nextcloud’s nginx troubleshooting guidance, not a general upload limit. Its documented remedy is an nginx location pattern that excludes .file from the broad hidden-file denial. Apply that exception only when the deny rule and matching upload symptom are present. See the nginx guide.
HTTPS works, but Nextcloud does not recognize the public connection as secure
When nginx terminates TLS, the internal hop to Nextcloud may be HTTP. Nextcloud’s reverse-proxy guidance explains how to set overwriteprotocol when scheme detection is wrong. Its security documentation also notes that failing to recognize the public HTTPS connection can prevent the __Host- prefix from being used on same-site CSRF cookies. Set the HTTPS override when that internal hop causes the problem; the override is not a substitute for correctly forwarding headers and trusting the proxy.
Quick Recap
Troubleshoot in a controlled order
- Verify the public route. Confirm the external hostname, HTTPS scheme, and path prefix, then establish whether direct access is also possible.
- Inspect nginx’s upstream request. Check the effective
Hostand forwarding headers and confirm they are set intentionally, not inherited uncritically from the client. - Match the trust setting to the network. Ensure
trusted_proxiescontains the actual proxy address or narrow range that Nextcloud sees, and thatforwarded_for_headersmatches the header nginx uses. - Correct only the detected URL mismatch. Add the applicable host, protocol, webroot, conditional-address, or CLI URL setting if the corresponding output is wrong.
- Check discovery and symptom-specific edge cases. Configure the DAV redirects at nginx, then investigate Unix sockets, HTTP/3/PHP-FPM, or hidden-file upload filtering only if those conditions describe the installation.
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