First check what the invoice actually is: if it is rendered as a webpage, use Playwright’s page.pdf(); if the portal provides a PDF attachment, capture its download instead. For an e-Invoice, check the relevant portal’s official PDF or print option before creating a browser printout. These routes produce different artifacts, and GST invoices do not all use the same portal or interface.
Choose the right way to save the invoice
| What the portal displays | Use | Important distinction |
|---|---|---|
| Invoice content rendered in the browser as HTML | page.pdf() |
Creates a PDF from the page; print CSS is used by default. |
| A portal control that downloads a PDF attachment | page.expect_download() and save_as() |
Saves the file provided by the portal rather than printing the page. |
| An e-Invoice with an official PDF or print facility | Use the relevant portal’s own facility where available | Portal access, formats, and steps vary. A browser-generated PDF is not automatically signed or authenticated e-Invoice data. |
For the GSTN e-Invoice facility documented in its manual, users log in and select PDF or JSON to download an e-Invoice; the facility is unavailable in pre-login mode. The manual also says generated files remain in Download History for two days, after which they must be generated again. See the GSTN e-Invoice download manual.
The IRIS IRP portal FAQ describes a print flow using an acknowledgement number or a 64-character IRN and says signed JSON can be converted to PDF for sharing. Those directions apply to that portal; they are not universal GST portal instructions. The FAQ also says the seller must place the QR code on the invoice to enable validation.
Install Playwright for Python
Install the Python package and its browser binaries in the environment where the script will run:
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pip install playwright
playwright installPlaywright provides both synchronous and asynchronous Python APIs. The examples below use the synchronous API for a compact, runnable pattern. They are templates: authentication steps and invoice selectors must match the portal you are authorized to use.
Save a rendered HTML invoice with page.pdf()
Use a logged-in session obtained through the portal’s normal, authorized process. This example navigates to an invoice page, waits for a site-specific invoice element, and writes an A4 PDF with background graphics enabled:
from pathlib import Path
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
INVOICE_URL = "https://example.com/invoices/123"
INVOICE_SELECTOR = "[data-invoice]" # Replace with the portal's actual invoice selector.
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
context = browser.new_context(accept_downloads=True)
page = context.new_page()
# Sign in through the portal's normal authorized flow, or use an
# authorized saved session configured for your environment.
page.goto(INVOICE_URL, wait_until="domcontentloaded")
page.locator(INVOICE_SELECTOR).wait_for(state="visible", timeout=30000)
page.pdf(
path="invoice.pdf",
format="A4",
print_background=True,
)
context.close()
browser.close()INVOICE_URL and INVOICE_SELECTOR are placeholders, not known GST portal URLs or selectors. The example’s A4 format and background setting are a reasonable starting configuration, not a tested recipe for a particular portal. Playwright documents that page.pdf() generates a PDF using print CSS media by default; see the Python Page API.
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Wait for the actual invoice content
A successful navigation does not necessarily mean the invoice is ready. Pages can populate invoice details after JavaScript runs. Wait for a selector that identifies the rendered invoice, and use a selector that appears only when the relevant content is available. If the invoice is built in stages, wait for a stable element or state specific to the portal instead of relying only on a fixed sleep.
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By default, page.pdf() uses print media. This may invoke print-specific styles that hide controls, change spacing, or rearrange content. If you specifically need the screen appearance, switch media before generating the PDF:
page.emulate_media(media="screen")
page.pdf(path="invoice-screen.pdf", format="A4", print_background=True)Use screen media only when it better matches the intended output. The page’s styles still determine how content fits on paper, so inspect the resulting PDF for clipping, missing backgrounds, or unexpected page breaks.
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Useful PDF options
format="A4"selects a common paper size. Playwright also supports other paper formats.print_background=Trueincludes background graphics, which are otherwise off by default.marginlets you set page margins when the portal’s print layout needs adjustment.prefer_css_page_size=Truegives CSS@pagesize rules preference over the PDF options when the page defines them.
Choose settings based on the invoice’s layout and verify page breaks, totals, and any QR code in the saved file. A printed rendering does not itself establish that the output is a digitally authenticated e-Invoice.
Save a PDF attachment from a portal button
If clicking a portal control returns a PDF download, wait for the download event before clicking, then save the download to a durable path. Playwright’s download documentation explains that a page emits a download event for attachments and that context-managed temporary downloads are removed when the browser context closes. See Playwright downloads.
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from pathlib import Path
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
INVOICE_URL = "https://example.com/invoices/123"
DOWNLOAD_BUTTON = "button:has-text('Download PDF')" # Replace for your portal.
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
context = browser.new_context(accept_downloads=True)
page = context.new_page()
# Complete the portal's normal authorized sign-in before this step.
page.goto(INVOICE_URL, wait_until="domcontentloaded")
with page.expect_download(timeout=30000) as download_info:
page.locator(DOWNLOAD_BUTTON).click()
download = download_info.value
destination = Path("invoice.pdf")
download.save_as(destination)
context.close()
browser.close()Replace the example button selector with the actual control on the portal. Keep expect_download() around the action that initiates the download; starting to wait afterward can miss the event. Call save_as() before closing the context so the file is preserved at the chosen destination.
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Handle sign-in and portal controls safely
Use only an account and session you are authorized to access. Do not put GST credentials directly in source code or publish them in logs. If you automate a normal sign-in, keep secrets in an appropriate local secret store or environment configuration and follow the portal’s terms and access controls.
- Do not try to bypass a CAPTCHA, MFA challenge, access restriction, or other portal control. Complete required checks through the portal’s permitted process.
- Do not assume a selector, route, or login flow works across GST systems. Confirm it against the specific portal and account.
- Respect portal terms and rate limits, and avoid repeated or unnecessarily frequent requests.
- Preserve the portal-provided PDF or signed data when authenticity or validation matters. A browser printout is a copy of rendered content, not proof of a digital signature.
Troubleshoot blank or incomplete PDFs
The PDF is blank or missing invoice details
The page may have loaded before its invoice content was rendered. Wait for a visible invoice-specific element, then check whether the expected content is present before calling page.pdf(). If the portal shows an attachment rather than HTML, use the download-event pattern instead.
The printout looks different from the browser
Print CSS is the default for page.pdf(). If the screen layout is the intended output, call page.emulate_media(media="screen") first. If print layout is desired, check the portal’s print styles and adjust PDF margins or paper format as appropriate.
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The invoice appears in a frame or a new tab
Check where the invoice content actually opened. Playwright treats popups as separate Page objects, so a new tab may need to be handled as its own page; an invoice inside a frame may require locating and inspecting that frame before capture. The Playwright pages documentation covers pages and popups. These are general automation cases, not claims about a particular GST portal’s layout.
No download event arrives
Confirm that the selected control really downloads a file rather than opening a PDF in the page or a new tab. Check that the selector targets the intended button, and keep the click inside the expect_download() block. If the portal displays the PDF directly, inspect that page or use its official download control rather than assuming an attachment event will occur.
The saved download disappears
Save it with download.save_as() before closing its browser context. Playwright’s managed temporary download files are removed when the context closes.
Or skip the browser setup
For a URL that is accessible to ScreenshotNeo, one GET request can return a screenshot or PDF. The example below requests a PDF of an invoice page; choose a target URL you are authorized to access. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does page.pdf() work with Playwright Firefox or WebKit?
The Python Page API documents PDF generation for Chromium; use Chromium for this workflow unless the current API documentation confirms support in another browser.
Can I treat a browser-generated PDF as the signed e-Invoice?
No. It is a rendering of page content. Use the portal’s official signed data or PDF facility when validation or digital authenticity is required.
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