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For a normal full-page image, use Puppeteer’s built-in page.screenshot({ fullPage: true }). If you specifically need to trigger or inspect content as the page scrolls, capture successive viewport screenshots and stitch them; that is a custom workflow, not a built-in Puppeteer screenshot mode. The official Puppeteer references cited here identify version 25.12.0 for the screenshot options and Page.screenshot().
Use Puppeteer’s full-page option for a single image
Page.screenshot() captures a page screenshot. Set fullPage: true to capture the full page rather than only the current viewport. The documented default for fullPage is false. Puppeteer’s screenshot guide shows saving the result to a file: Puppeteer screenshot guide; the API option is documented in ScreenshotOptions.
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
// Configure the viewport before navigation so the page lays out
// at the dimensions you intend to capture.
await page.setViewport({
width: 1440,
height: 900,
deviceScaleFactor: 1
});
await page.goto('https://example.com', {
waitUntil: 'networkidle2'
});
await page.screenshot({
path: 'page.png',
fullPage: true
});
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
This is a documentation-based starting point, not a guarantee that networkidle2 is the right readiness condition for every website. Analytics, long-running requests, client-side rendering, and lazy-loaded assets can all affect when a page is ready. Choose a readiness condition that matches the page, then inspect the resulting image.
What the options mean
fullPage: trueasks for a screenshot of the full page.captureBeyondViewportcontrols capture outside the viewport. Its documented default isfalsewhen no clip is specified andtrueotherwise. It is not a replacement name forfullPage; see the ScreenshotOptions API reference.pathspecifies where Puppeteer writes the image. The example uses PNG; choose an output option supported by the Puppeteer version and connection mode you run.
When scrolling and stitching is the right approach
A full-page screenshot is simpler when all you need is one tall image. A manual scroll-and-stitch sequence can be useful when the page reveals or loads content as the user traverses it, or when the single full-page capture does not produce the result your workflow needs. Puppeteer documents screenshot and scrolling capabilities, but its official references do not prescribe one universal scroll-and-stitch recipe. Treat the following as an implementation pattern to adapt and validate, not a Puppeteer feature or a tested outcome.
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Plan the capture sequence
- Choose and set the viewport before navigation. Fix the width and height so each viewport capture has consistent dimensions. Record them as part of the capture configuration.
- Navigate and wait for the initial page state. Pick a page-specific readiness condition. A generic network-idle condition may be unsuitable if the site keeps requests open or renders content later.
- Scroll in measured increments. Move by roughly one viewport height, or use a smaller step when you want overlap for alignment. You can perform a page-context scroll operation or use Puppeteer’s locator scrolling. The locator API scrolls through mouse-wheel events and waits for visibility and a stable bounding box before taking its scroll action; that does not prove all lazy content has finished loading. See Puppeteer Locator API.
- Wait for the newly exposed content to settle. Decide what “ready” means for this page: a particular selector appearing, an image completing, an application state changing, or a deliberate delay. No single wait condition is established for every lazy-loading or infinite-scroll site.
- Capture each viewport. Save the segments in sequence and keep enough overlap if the stitching method needs shared pixels to align them.
- Stitch and inspect the output. Puppeteer’s documented screenshot API takes the captures; image stitching is a separate processing step. Check for seams, missing sections, repeated content, and duplicated sticky elements.
Comparison: one capture or scroll-and-stitch?
| Approach | Best fit | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|
page.screenshot({ fullPage: true }) |
A single full-page image with minimal capture code. | May not meet a workflow that must trigger or inspect content during traversal. |
| Scroll, capture, and stitch | A page-specific workflow that needs incremental traversal or capture. | Requires readiness logic and image processing; dynamic content and fixed elements need validation. |
The second approach adds moving parts. A page can shift as content loads, fixed headers can appear in every segment, and infinite-scroll pages may continue changing. Those are practical risks to test on the target page, not guaranteed defects in every capture.
Set viewport dimensions deliberately
Puppeteer expresses viewport width and height in CSS pixels. The documented default for deviceScaleFactor is 1. A higher scale factor can change the pixel density of the screenshot, so choose it intentionally rather than assuming the viewport dimensions equal the output image’s pixel dimensions. See the Viewport API reference.
Configure the viewport before navigation when page layout depends on screen size. Puppeteer notes that changing the viewport can reload a page in some circumstances, and many websites do not expect phone-like viewport changes during a session. If you change dimensions after loading, verify the page state again before capture.
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Capture one element instead of the whole page
If the task needs only a particular DOM element, find it and call elementHandle.screenshot() rather than capturing and cropping the entire page.
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ElementHandle.screenshot() scrolls the element into view if needed and then uses Page.screenshot(). It errors if the element has been detached from the DOM. For details, see ElementHandle.screenshot().
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Troubleshoot missing or misaligned content
The screenshot stops at the viewport
Check that the call uses fullPage: true, not just captureBeyondViewport. The former is the documented option for a full-page screenshot. If you are using clipping or a different browser connection mode, confirm support for the options you pass.
Lazy-loaded images or sections are missing
A successful navigation does not establish that every below-the-fold image or application section has loaded. Scroll through the page, wait for the relevant image or selector, and capture after its state is stable. For pages that require traversal, use the incremental pattern rather than assuming one readiness setting works universally.
The stitched image has seams or repeated headers
Use consistent viewport dimensions, preserve overlap between segments, and account for fixed or sticky elements that can be drawn in each viewport. Inspect intermediate screenshots to identify where the layout shifted before changing the stitching alignment.
The element screenshot throws an error
The selected handle may have become detached because the page re-rendered or replaced that element. Locate it again after the page reaches the expected state, verify it exists, and take the screenshot while the handle remains attached.
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The page changes layout unexpectedly
Set the viewport before navigation. Changing it later can reload the page in some circumstances and may alter responsive layout. Re-check the page after any viewport change.
An option behaves differently across environments
Puppeteer’s WebDriver BiDi support documentation notes that not all screenshot parameters are supported. The BiDi page is on the next documentation branch, so check the actual Puppeteer version, browser, and connection mode used by your application rather than assuming identical support everywhere. See Puppeteer WebDriver BiDi support.
Performance, reliability, and cost considerations
A built-in full-page capture needs less orchestration than repeated scrolling and stitching. The manual workflow also requires multiple captures, waits, and a separate image-processing step, so its runtime and failure points depend on the page and implementation. No universal timing or cost figure is established for either method; measure with your target pages and deployment environment.
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For reliability, save enough context to reproduce a capture: target URL, viewport dimensions, device scale factor, navigation/readiness condition, and whether the workflow used a full-page call or incremental scrolling. Check output files for completeness rather than treating a successful API call as proof that every dynamic section rendered. Puppeteer documentation does not establish a universal readiness setting for all websites.
The stable Puppeteer API references identify version 25.12.0 for ScreenshotOptions and Page.screenshot(); related viewport references include versions 25.12.0 and 25.10.0. The screenshot guide and BiDi support page cited above are on the next documentation branch. Confirm the docs for the version and connection mode in your project before relying on branch-specific details. References were accessed September 29, 2026.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does Puppeteer have a built-in scroll-and-stitch screenshot option?
No. Puppeteer documents full-page screenshots and scrolling primitives; stitching successive screenshots is a separate implementation step.
Does `networkidle2` guarantee all lazy-loaded content is ready?
No. Readiness is page-specific; a network-idle condition alone does not establish that every lazy-loaded asset or dynamic section has finished rendering.
Can an element screenshot capture an element that has been removed from the page?
No. Puppeteer’s element screenshot errors if the `ElementHandle` is detached.
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