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Use a single Playwright page, navigate through your URL list one at a time, and save each capture with a unique filename. The example below writes full-page PNG screenshots; the title does not specify a file format, so this guide uses PNG rather than PDF or HTML. It continues after an individual URL fails and records the HTTP status separately, since a 404 or 500 response does not necessarily make navigation throw.
Set up Playwright and choose the output
This example uses Node.js ES modules, Chromium, and the playwright package. Install Playwright in your project and ensure its selected browser engine is available. The API details cited here are from the official Playwright documentation accessed October 3, 2026; the documentation consulted does not specify an exact Playwright version, so check the API reference matching your installed package.
Save the script as an ES module file, such as capture-batch.mjs. Replace the sample URLs with the pages you want to capture. The output directory is created if it does not already exist.
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Capture each URL and save a separate file
The numbered filenames remain unique even when the input contains duplicate URLs. The URL-derived label is optional and sanitized so it cannot turn an arbitrary URL into a filesystem path. This script saves full-page PNG files, logs each result, and moves on if one URL fails.
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import { chromium } from 'playwright';
import { mkdir } from 'node:fs/promises';
const urls = [
'https://example.com',
'https://playwright.dev',
];
const outputDir = 'captures';
function safeLabel(url) {
try {
const hostname = new URL(url).hostname.replace(/^www\./, '');
return hostname.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9-]+/g, '-').replace(/^-+|-+$/g, '') || 'page';
} catch {
return 'page';
}
}
await mkdir(outputDir, { recursive: true });
const browser = await chromium.launch();
try {
const context = await browser.newContext();
const page = await context.newPage();
for (const [index, url] of urls.entries()) {
const number = String(index + 1).padStart(3, '0');
const filename = `${outputDir}/page-${number}-${safeLabel(url)}.png`;
try {
const response = await page.goto(url, {
waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded',
timeout: 30_000,
});
const status = response?.status();
await page.screenshot({ path: filename, fullPage: true });
console.log(`${status ?? 'no main response'} ${url} -> ${filename}`);
} catch (error) {
console.error(`FAILED ${url}: ${error.message}`);
}
}
} finally {
await browser.close();
}Run it from the project directory with node capture-batch.mjs. Successful captures appear in captures/. An index is included even if two URLs produce the same sanitized hostname, so neither duplicate URLs nor label collisions overwrite an earlier file.
Change the capture extent
fullPage: true captures the full page rather than only the current viewport. Set it to false or omit it for a viewport capture. Full-page images can be much taller and larger than viewport captures; use viewport-sized screenshots when you need consistent dimensions or a quick visual check.
Choose pages, contexts, and browser state
One reused page for a serial batch
The script reuses one page for every URL, which is the simplest approach when each capture can run sequentially. A browser context can contain multiple pages, but creating extra tabs is useful only when the workflow needs them; it is not necessary merely to save separate files.
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Use a fresh context when captures need isolation
Pages in the same context share its session configuration and browser state. If each capture must not inherit cookies or other state from another job, create a fresh non-persistent context per job and close it when finished. Playwright documents non-persistent contexts as independent sessions that do not write browsing data to disk. Conversely, reuse a context when the pages intentionally need the same session.
Set the right navigation readiness condition
The example uses domcontentloaded, which waits for HTML parsing to complete but does not guarantee that client-rendered content, fonts, images, or application data are ready. Choose the condition according to what the screenshot must show:
commitwaits for the navigation response to begin loading.domcontentloadedwaits for the document’s DOM content to be loaded.loadwaits for the page load event and its dependent resources.- A page-specific locator or readiness signal is often better when a JavaScript application renders important content after initial navigation.
Playwright describes networkidle as discouraged for testing; it means at least 500 ms without network connections. Sites that keep connections open or make background requests can make that condition unreliable. Prefer a meaningful element or application-specific signal when readiness depends on rendered content.
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Handle HTTP responses and failed URLs
page.goto() can throw for an invalid URL, SSL error, timeout, unreachable server, or failed main-resource load. The per-URL try/catch logs the error and lets the rest of the list continue. The finally block closes the browser even if the batch encounters a problem.
A navigation that returns HTTP 404 or 500 may still resolve normally. The script logs response.status() so you can decide whether those pages should count as successful captures. To skip screenshots for non-success HTTP statuses, put a check after getting the status and before page.screenshot(), for example:
if (status && status >= 400) {
console.error(`HTTP ${status} ${url}; screenshot skipped`);
continue;
}That policy is optional: sometimes capturing an error page is exactly what a monitoring or audit job needs. A missing main response is logged as no main response; it is not treated as a known successful status.
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Common problems and fixes
- A URL fails and later URLs are not captured: keep navigation and screenshot work inside the per-URL
try/catch, rather than wrapping the entire loop in a single catch. - The image shows a loading shell or incomplete app: replace or supplement
domcontentloadedwith a locator wait for the content that matters, using a selector specific to that site. - A 404 or 500 image was saved: inspect the logged status and add an explicit status policy if those responses should be skipped or retried.
- The navigation times out: check whether the URL is reachable from the machine running the script and whether the selected readiness condition is too strict; tune the timeout only when a longer wait is appropriate.
- Files overwrite one another: retain the sequence number in the filename. Do not use raw URLs as paths; arbitrary URL characters are unsafe and sanitized labels can collide.
- Cookies or page state affect later captures: create a separate context for each isolated job instead of reusing the same session.
- Chromium does not launch: confirm that Playwright and its browser engine are installed for the project and that the script uses the import style supported by its package setup.
Performance, reliability, and output choices
This serial version is deliberately simple: it uses one page and processes URLs in input order. Its wall-clock time grows with the number of URLs and how long each navigation and screenshot takes; no fixed speed can be assumed across different sites or machines. Parallel pages may reduce elapsed time for some workloads, but they also use more browser resources and can increase load on target sites. Start with serial capture unless concurrency is a requirement, then bound the number of simultaneous pages.
PNG is used here for lossless output. If file size matters more than lossless detail, Playwright’s screenshot options also support other image formats; consult the API documentation for the precise options in your installed version. Playwright separately documents PDF output, which is a different deliverable from a screenshot. If the intended per-URL file is a PDF or saved HTML rather than an image, change the capture method accordingly instead of treating those formats as interchangeable.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server. A GET request with a URL returns a PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF. For a PNG capture:
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use this batch pattern with a list read from a file?
Yes. Load and validate the URLs before the loop, then use that array in place of the hard-coded sample list.
Does a successful screenshot prove the page returned HTTP 200?
No. Check the logged response status; navigation can resolve for HTTP errors such as 404 or 500.
Quick Recap
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