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Set a clear boundary for what the detector does
This prototype looks for selected wording patterns and offers questions for reflection. It does not assess mental health, determine whether a thought is true, or replace support from a qualified professional. The same phrase can be harmless, quoted, sarcastic, or meaningful in context; a match is a reason to pause, not proof of a distortion.
The NHS describes CBT as a talking therapy involving changes in thinking and actions. Sessions may include questioning unhelpful thoughts and considering other perspectives. A browser tool can borrow the shape of a reflection exercise, but should not present itself as a substitute for that support. NHS: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Choose a few patterns and phrase examples
Start with a small, inspectable set rather than trying to encode every possible thought pattern. NHS Every Mind Matters describes examples in accessible language, such as expecting the worst, focusing only on negatives, all-or-nothing thinking, and taking sole responsibility for negative events. NHS training material also lists terms including selective abstraction, over-generalisation, personalisation, emotional reasoning, discounting positives, mind reading, catastrophising, all-or-nothing thinking, and should/must statements. These are examples from different resources, not one exhaustive or universally fixed taxonomy. NHS Every Mind Matters: Reframing unhelpful thoughts · Health Education England / NHS: Basic Psychological Treatments: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
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For a first version, use everyday labels, short explanations, a few example phrases, and an open question. The examples below are illustrative rules for a learning prototype, not clinically validated definitions.
| Pattern label | Example wording to look for | Reflection prompt |
|---|---|---|
| All-or-nothing thinking | “always,” “never,” “everyone,” “no one” | Is there an exception or a less absolute way to describe what happened? |
| Expecting the worst | “it will be a disaster,” “there’s no way this can work” | What outcomes are possible besides the worst one? |
| Discounting positives | “that doesn’t count,” “I just got lucky” | What evidence might support giving that positive event some weight? |
| Mind reading | “they think I’m…,” “they must hate…” | What do you know, and what are you inferring about what another person thinks? |
Represent the rules as plain JavaScript data
JavaScript regular expressions are built into the language and can be used with RegExp and string methods, so this simple prototype needs no framework or third-party package. MDN: Regular expressions
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Keep the rule text visible and editable. Word boundaries (b) help avoid some accidental substring matches, but they do not make a rule context-aware. The expressions below are deliberately modest starting points; adjust them for the wording you want to test.
const rules = [
{
id: "absolute-words",
label: "All-or-nothing thinking",
explanation: "The wording may describe something in absolute terms.",
pattern: /b(always|never|everyone|no one|nothing)b/i,
question: "Is there an exception or a less absolute way to describe what happened?"
},
{
id: "worst-case",
label: "Expecting the worst",
explanation: "The wording may jump to a very negative outcome.",
pattern: /b(disaster|no way this can work|it will all go wrong)b/i,
question: "What outcomes are possible besides the worst one?"
},
{
id: "discounting-positive",
label: "Discounting positives",
explanation: "The wording may dismiss a positive result or contribution.",
pattern: /b(doesn't count|does not count|just got lucky)b/i,
question: "What evidence might support giving that positive event some weight?"
},
{
id: "mind-reading",
label: "Mind reading",
explanation: "The wording may assume what someone else thinks.",
pattern: /b(they must hate|they think I'm|they think i am)b/i,
question: "What do you know, and what are you inferring about what another person thinks?"
}
];These patterns are literal examples, not a complete vocabulary. A phrase such as “I never said that” may be accurate; the detector cannot decide whether an absolute-sounding word is unhelpful in context. Conversely, someone may express a similar idea without using any of the listed phrases.
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Match the text without turning matches into verdicts
Normalize the input consistently, then test every rule and return all possible matches. Avoid stopping at the first match: one sentence can contain more than one pattern, and none of them should be presented as a definitive label.
function findPossiblePatterns(input) {
const text = input.trim().normalize("NFC");
if (!text) return [];
return rules
.filter((rule) => rule.pattern.test(text))
.map(({ id, label, explanation, question }) => ({
id,
label,
explanation,
question
}));
}Because these expressions do not use the global (g) or sticky (y) flags, calling test() repeatedly does not leave a changing match position behind. If you later add either flag, account for the regular expression’s mutable lastIndex when testing multiple inputs.
Build a small accessible browser interface
Use a label for the text field, a button with a clear action, and a results region that announces updates to assistive technology. The result wording should say “possible pattern,” not “detected distortion.”
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<label for="thought">Write a thought you want to examine</label>
<textarea id="thought" rows="5"></textarea>
<button id="check" type="button">Look for wording patterns</button>
<section id="results" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true"></section>
<script>
const thought = document.querySelector("#thought");
const results = document.querySelector("#results");
document.querySelector("#check").addEventListener("click", () => {
const matches = findPossiblePatterns(thought.value);
results.replaceChildren();
if (!thought.value.trim()) {
const message = document.createElement("p");
message.textContent = "Enter a thought if you would like to explore its wording.";
results.append(message);
return;
}
if (matches.length === 0) {
const message = document.createElement("p");
message.textContent = "No wording patterns from this small example set matched. That does not say whether the thought is helpful or accurate.";
results.append(message);
return;
}
const intro = document.createElement("p");
intro.textContent = "These are possible wording patterns, not conclusions:";
results.append(intro);
const list = document.createElement("ul");
for (const match of matches) {
const item = document.createElement("li");
const heading = document.createElement("strong");
heading.textContent = match.label;
const explanation = document.createElement("p");
explanation.textContent = match.explanation;
const question = document.createElement("p");
question.textContent = match.question;
item.append(heading, explanation, question);
list.append(item);
}
results.append(list);
});
</script>Creating elements and assigning user-facing text with textContent avoids treating the entered thought as HTML. The no-match message matters as much as the match list: it says only that this limited set of phrases did not match, not that the thought passed a test.
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1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsUse reflection questions rather than forced reframing
NHS Every Mind Matters calls its approach “catch it, check it, change it”: notice an unhelpful thought, examine the evidence, and consider a more balanced alternative. The NHS thought record structures this work into seven prompts: situation; initial feelings; unhelpful thoughts; evidence supporting them; evidence against them; an alternative, more realistic or neutral thought; and how the person feels afterward. NHS Every Mind Matters: Reframing unhelpful thoughts · NHS Every Mind Matters: Thought record
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For the prototype, a useful prompt sequence is:
- What evidence supports this thought?
- What evidence points another way?
- Are there other possible explanations or outcomes?
- What would you say to a friend thinking this?
- Can you form an alternative that is realistic or neutral, rather than forcing a positive one?
The NHS notes there are no right or wrong answers, and a person may not be able to change a thought every time. A tool should invite exploration, not demand a better mood or imply that difficulty reframing is failure. The thought-record exercise can be done mentally, in writing, in an app, or using an electronic or printed document; the detector does not require a particular product.
Test false matches before expanding the rule set
Before adding more phrases, try each rule against examples that should match and examples that should not. Include quoted speech, negation, ordinary factual uses of absolute words, and similar meanings phrased without the trigger. Record what the rule does; then narrow, revise, or remove it if its output would sound too certain or misleading.
- Explainability versus coverage: a short list of readable rules is easy to inspect, but will miss varied wording and implied meanings.
- Sensitivity versus false matches: broader patterns may flag more candidate phrases, but can also catch harmless or quoted language.
- Prompt quality: questions should open up evidence and alternatives without telling the user what conclusion to reach.
No validation study or performance figure is established for this vanilla-JavaScript example. Treat its outputs as prompts to reflect on, and do not claim accuracy, diagnosis, or clinical effectiveness.
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