Use Angular’s HttpClient from @angular/common/http to communicate with backend services. Configure it in the application providers, call it from a service, and subscribe to the returned Observable when you want the request sent. For shared behavior such as authentication headers, use an interceptor; for unit tests, replace the live backend with Angular’s HTTP testing utilities.
Configure HttpClient for your Angular version
Current Angular setup guidance uses provideHttpClient() in the application’s providers. The setup guide says HttpClient is available for injection by default in Angular v21 and later. If your app uses another version, follow the setup instructions for that version rather than assuming the same default.
For a standalone application, add the provider when configuring the application, commonly in app.config.ts:
import { ApplicationConfig } from '@angular/core';
import { provideHttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
export const appConfig: ApplicationConfig = {
providers: [provideHttpClient()],
};In an NgModule-based app, configure the provider in the module’s providers instead. Choose the setup style that matches the app’s bootstrap architecture. Angular’s setup guide covers the current options: Setting up HttpClient.
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The default client uses the Fetch API and includes default XSRF protection. Optional features can be passed to provideHttpClient(...), including interceptor configuration. Angular recommends Fetch for server-side rendering (SSR); its setup guide warns against XHR in SSR, describing server-side XHR support as deprecated and intended for removal in Angular 23.
Make a request from an Angular service
Put backend access in a service that owns the relevant data or operation. Inject HttpClient, then call a method such as get, post, put, or delete. These methods return RxJS Observables.
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import { Injectable, inject } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
interface User {
id: number;
name: string;
}
@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
export class UsersService {
private readonly http = inject(HttpClient);
getUsers(): Observable<User[]> {
return this.http.get<User[]>('/api/users');
}
createUser(name: string): Observable<User> {
return this.http.post<User>('/api/users', { name });
}
}The generic type in get<User[]> or post<User> tells TypeScript what response shape the code expects; it does not validate the server’s JSON at runtime. Keep the declared type aligned with the API contract.
Subscribe deliberately: Observables are lazy
Creating the Observable does not by itself send the request. The request is sent when something subscribes to it. Each independent subscription can send another backend request, so avoid subscribing once to populate one part of the UI and again elsewhere just to reuse the same result.
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this.usersService.getUsers().subscribe({
next: users => this.users = users,
error: error => this.errorMessage = 'Could not load users.',
});In components, prefer Angular’s template-driven subscription options, such as the AsyncPipe, where they fit the design. If multiple consumers need the same in-flight or cached result, explicitly share or cache it using an appropriate RxJS approach; returning the same cold Observable alone does not prevent another request per subscription. Angular explains the request lifecycle in Making requests.
Choose what the request returns
By default, an HTTP method emits the response body. Use a different observation mode only when the caller needs more than that body.
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| Need | Configuration | What the caller receives |
|---|---|---|
| Response body only | Default, such as get<User[]>(url) |
The parsed response body |
| Status and headers as well as body | { observe: 'response' } |
A full response object |
| Lifecycle or progress events | { observe: 'events', reportProgress: true } |
An event stream that can include request lifecycle and progress events |
Progress reporting is disabled by default because progress events have a performance cost. Angular’s default Fetch backend cannot report upload progress. If upload progress is a requirement, configure the XHR backend with withXhr(); XHR is not required for ordinary HTTP requests. See Angular’s request options and event-stream guidance.
Use interceptors for behavior shared across requests
Interceptors are appropriate for genuinely cross-cutting behavior, such as attaching an API authentication header, logging, caching, retry logic, or enforcing deadlines. Keep operation-specific business rules in the service method that performs that operation instead of making every request pass through business logic that only some endpoints need.
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Angular supports functional and dependency-injection-based interceptors. For new setups, Angular recommends functional interceptors because their behavior is more predictable, especially in complex configurations. Functional interceptors run in the order configured.
import { provideHttpClient, withInterceptors } from '@angular/common/http';
import { HttpInterceptorFn } from '@angular/common/http';
const authInterceptor: HttpInterceptorFn = (req, next) => {
const authenticatedRequest = req.clone({
setHeaders: { Authorization: 'Bearer …' },
});
return next(authenticatedRequest);
};
// In application providers:
provideHttpClient(withInterceptors([authInterceptor]));Use a real token source appropriate to your app; the abbreviated header value above is illustrative, not a token-management implementation. For configuration and ordering details, see Angular’s interceptor guide.
Test HTTP behavior without a live server
Angular’s HTTP testing backend lets a unit test trigger application code, inspect the request it made, and provide a controlled response or error. Configure the client before the testing provider, especially when the client uses features such as interceptors: provideHttpClient(...) must come before provideHttpClientTesting(), because the latter replaces parts of the client configuration.
import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
import {
HttpTestingController,
provideHttpClientTesting,
} from '@angular/common/http/testing';
import { provideHttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { UsersService } from './users.service';
describe('UsersService', () => {
let service: UsersService;
let httpTesting: HttpTestingController;
beforeEach(() => {
TestBed.configureTestingModule({
providers: [
provideHttpClient(),
provideHttpClientTesting(),
UsersService,
],
});
service = TestBed.inject(UsersService);
httpTesting = TestBed.inject(HttpTestingController);
});
it('loads users', () => {
let result: unknown;
service.getUsers().subscribe(value => result = value);
const request = httpTesting.expectOne('/api/users');
expect(request.request.method).toBe('GET');
request.flush([{ id: 1, name: 'Ada' }]);
expect(result).toEqual([{ id: 1, name: 'Ada' }]);
httpTesting.verify();
});
});Use HttpTestingController to assert method, URL, headers, or body as appropriate, then call flush() to deliver a response. Tests can also flush an error to verify error handling. Verify that no unexpected requests remain so a test does not silently leave stray HTTP work behind. Angular’s complete workflow is in Testing HTTP requests.
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