Pass the hatch argument to pie(). Use one string to apply a pattern across wedges, or a list of strings to give slices different patterns. This direct pie-chart option was added in Matplotlib 3.7.
Apply the same hatch to every pie slice
Give hatch a pattern string when you want all wedges to use the same pattern:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.pie([15, 30, 45, 10], hatch="/")
plt.show()The pie() method is available through both Axes and the pyplot interface. Its hatch argument accepts a string or a sequence of strings; a sequence is cycled through the wedges. See the Matplotlib pie API.
Give each slice a different pattern
Provide a list in the same order as the values and labels. Each pie slice is a Wedge patch, and the patterns are assigned across those wedges in sequence.
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
labels = ["A", "B", "C", "D"]
values = [15, 30, 45, 10]
hatches = ["**O", "oO", "O.O", ".||."]
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.pie(values, labels=labels, hatch=hatches)
plt.show()This list form is demonstrated in the official Matplotlib pie-chart example. For a compact set of more obviously different patterns, try ["/", "x", ".", "o"].
Choose and control hatch patterns
Matplotlib’s documented hatch characters include /, , |, -, +, x, o, O, ., and *. You can combine them, such as "/o" or "x*". Repeating a character increases pattern density: "//" is denser than "/". The hatch style reference shows the available styles.
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For a backslash pattern, escape the character in a regular Python string or use a raw string:
hatch = "\"
# Or:
hatch = r""Choose patterns that remain distinguishable at the chart’s final display or print size. Dense hatches can become hard to tell apart when wedges are small, so inspect the rendered chart rather than relying only on the pattern strings.
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Customize wedge outlines and other pie details
Pie slices are Wedge patches. Use wedgeprops to set properties such as edge color or line width, and use the other pie() arguments—such as labels, colors, autopct, and startangle—to control the chart. The API documents these options and the wedge objects returned by pie().
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.pie(
[15, 30, 45, 10],
labels=["A", "B", "C", "D"],
hatch=["/", "x", ".", "o"],
wedgeprops={"edgecolor": "black", "linewidth": 1},
)
plt.show()In Matplotlib 3.11, pie() returns a PieContainer; earlier versions returned wedges and text objects as a tuple. This return-value change is separate from how to pass hatch patterns, but matters if your code unpacks the result. Check the API documentation for the version you use.
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Troubleshoot hatches that do not appear
- Check the Matplotlib version. The pie API marks the
hatchargument as added in Matplotlib 3.7. On older versions, this directpie()argument is unavailable. - Check the rendering backend. The current hatch documentation lists PS, PDF, SVG, macosx, and Agg as supporting hatching. WX and Cairo are listed as not currently supporting it. If a pattern appears in one output but not another, confirm which backend renders each output; see the hatch demo’s backend notes.
- Check the pattern string and output scale. A backslash may be interpreted by Python string processing unless escaped or written as a raw string. Very small wedges or dense patterns may also be difficult to see at the final size.
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