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This is the supported replacement for creating a page session through page.target(). The official signature is documented in Puppeteer’s Page.createCDPSession() API reference.
Create a CDP client from a Puppeteer page
Once you have a Puppeteer Page object, create the protocol client with one awaited call:
const client = await page.createCDPSession();The returned promise resolves to a CDPSession associated with that page. The session is Puppeteer’s low-level bridge to the raw Chrome DevTools Protocol, while the Page API remains the higher-level interface for normal navigation and interaction.
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A complete runnable example looks like this:
const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
(async () => {
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
const client = await page.createCDPSession();
console.log('CDP session attached:', !client.detached);
await client.detach();
await browser.close();
})();If your project uses ECMAScript modules, replace the import style while keeping the same await page.createCDPSession() call.
Send protocol commands and receive events
Invoke a CDP method with send()
Use client.send(method, parameters) to invoke a protocol method. The method name is the CDP domain and command separated by a dot; parameters are passed as an object when the command requires them. The promise resolves with the protocol response.
Puppeteer’s official example uses the Animation domain:
const client = await page.createCDPSession();
await client.send('Animation.enable');
const response = await client.send('Animation.getPlaybackRate');
console.log('playback rate is ' + response.playbackRate);
await client.send('Animation.setPlaybackRate', {
playbackRate: response.playbackRate / 2,
});In this sequence, the domain is enabled first, the current playback rate is read, and then a new rate is sent back. Keep the await on each command when order matters; otherwise a later call can run before an earlier domain setup has completed.
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Subscribe to protocol events with on()
Register a listener with the event name documented by CDP:
client.on('Animation.animationCreated', () => {
console.log('Animation created!');
});Event callbacks run when Chrome emits that protocol event. Register listeners after creating the session and before the activity that should trigger them. Keep handlers short or hand work to your own queue so event processing does not block the rest of your automation.
Inspect state and detach cleanly
The detached property tells you whether the session has been detached. When finished, explicitly close it:
if (!client.detached) {
await client.detach();
}After detachment, the session no longer emits events and cannot send protocol messages. Detach in a finally block when a script can fail between setup and cleanup:
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let client;
try {
client = await page.createCDPSession();
await client.send('Animation.enable');
// Perform the work that needs CDP here.
} finally {
if (client && !client.detached) {
await client.detach();
}
}Choose the right session scope
Puppeteer exposes two related entry points. Choose based on the object you already have and the target to which the protocol traffic should belong.
| Entry point | Attachs to | Use it when | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
page.createCDPSession() |
The current Page |
Your workflow is page-oriented and you already hold a Page instance. |
Page API |
target.createCDPSession() |
A Puppeteer Target |
You are managing targets directly and need the session attached to that target. | Target API |
For ordinary page automation, the page method makes the intended scope explicit. Do not obtain a target through page.target() merely to create this session: Puppeteer’s Page API marks that approach deprecated and directs callers to Page.createCDPSession() instead. See the Page API documentation for the deprecation note.
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Keep page operations and CDP operations separate
Use the Page API for navigation and user-facing actions, then use the CDP client only for protocol features that your workflow needs. This separation makes it clear which calls are Puppeteer abstractions and which are raw protocol commands.
const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
(async () => {
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
let client;
try {
await page.goto('https://example.com');
client = await page.createCDPSession();
client.on('Animation.animationCreated', () => {
console.log('Animation event received');
});
await client.send('Animation.enable');
const { playbackRate } = await client.send('Animation.getPlaybackRate');
await client.send('Animation.setPlaybackRate', {
playbackRate: playbackRate / 2,
});
} finally {
if (client && !client.detached) {
await client.detach();
}
await browser.close();
}
})();Handle command failures explicitly
A CDP command can reject if the domain is not enabled, the parameters do not match the protocol method, the page or browser has closed, or the session has already been detached. Wrap calls that affect a larger job so you can log the method and preserve the original error:
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async function sendCdp(client, method, params) {
try {
return await client.send(method, params);
} catch (error) {
throw new Error(`CDP command ${method} failed: ${error.message}`);
}
}Do not continue issuing commands after a detached-session error. Check the session state, create a new session from the live page if appropriate, or abort the page operation and close the browser cleanly.
Install and browser prerequisites
Puppeteer provides a high-level API for controlling Chrome or Firefox over the DevTools Protocol or WebDriver BiDi. The project distinguishes two packages:
puppeteerincludes an installation process that downloads a compatible Chrome.puppeteer-coreis the library without a downloaded browser; you must provide a browser executable or connection through your own deployment.
Package-manager settings that disable install scripts can prevent the automatic browser download. That problem occurs before a CDP session can be created: first make sure a browser launches successfully, then call page.createCDPSession(). The project’s setup information is maintained in the Puppeteer documentation index.
Troubleshoot common failures
| Symptom | Likely cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
page.createCDPSession is not a function |
The variable is not a Puppeteer Page, or the call is being made on a different object. |
Verify that page came from browser.newPage() or another Puppeteer page-producing API. If you intentionally hold a target, use target.createCDPSession(). |
| Browser launch fails before session creation | The browser download was skipped, commonly because package-manager install scripts were disabled, or the executable is unavailable. | Use the setup documented for your chosen package, permit the required install step, or configure the browser executable explicitly when using puppeteer-core. |
| A command rejects immediately | The protocol domain may not be enabled, parameters may be invalid, or the browser may not support that method in the current context. | Enable the required domain first, compare the method and parameter names with the CDP documentation for the browser you run, and log the rejected method. |
| Events never arrive | The listener was registered after the event occurred, the relevant domain was not enabled, or the session was detached. | Attach the listener before triggering activity, send the domain’s enable command, and check client.detached. |
Cannot send after detach or similar detached-session error |
client.detach() was called, or the page/browser closed and invalidated the session. |
Stop using that client. Keep the page alive for the entire operation, or create a fresh session from a still-live page. |
| Cleanup hangs or is skipped | An exception interrupted the normal path. | Put detachment and browser shutdown in finally; guard with a client existence and !client.detached check. |
Performance and reliability considerations
- Enable only what you need. Protocol domains can produce event traffic; registering broad listeners or doing heavy work inside callbacks increases application overhead.
- Preserve command order. Await setup commands such as
Animation.enablebefore sending commands that depend on that domain. - Bound the lifetime. Create the session close to the operation that needs it and detach it when that operation ends. This avoids listeners remaining active after a test or job has finished.
- Treat the browser as a dependency. A CDP client cannot outlive its page or browser. If either closes, handle the rejection, record enough context to diagnose it, and let the job fail or retry at the browser-automation layer.
- Keep protocol assumptions visible. CDP method availability and parameters come from the browser protocol. Pin and document the browser setup used by your deployment rather than assuming every Chrome or Firefox build exposes identical commands.
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Key decision
For a Puppeteer page, the correct CDP entry point is await page.createCDPSession(). Use the resulting client’s send() and on() methods for protocol work, and detach it when finished. Use the target method only when your code is intentionally target-scoped, and avoid the deprecated page.target() route.
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Where is the authoritative signature for a page-attached session?
See the official Page.createCDPSession() reference, which documents the returned promise and session type.
Which reference covers session events and detachment behavior?
Puppeteer’s CDPSession API reference documents send(), on(), detach(), and the detached property.
Where is the target-scoped alternative documented?
Use the separate Target.createCDPSession() reference when your code owns a Puppeteer Target rather than a page.
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