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Remote-controlled nanomaterials are designed to respond to an external trigger—such as light—so a specific action can happen in a biological setting. A research example from BioNanoTools uses light-absorbing gold nanorods to generate heat and prompt antibody release from a nanocomposite inside cells. This is research, not an established treatment or a product available to patients.
What “remote-controlled” means in nanomaterials
In this context, “remote-controlled” does not mean a tiny device steered like a robot. It means an external stimulus is used to switch a material’s designed activity on or off, ideally in a chosen biological location. The challenge is to make the response both efficient and specific to the intended area.
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Nanomaterials can have size-dependent optical, electromagnetic, and fluorescence properties. Those properties can be useful in biology because such materials interact with cells, proteins, and antibodies. Combining expertise in chemistry, biophysics, and biological applications helps researchers investigate how to use those interactions to produce a controlled effect.
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Chemist Beatriz Pelaz and biophysicist Pablo del Pino co-founded the BioNanoTools group in 2017 at CIQUS, the University of Santiago de Compostela’s research centre for biological chemistry and molecular materials. A 2022 profile by Victoria Atkinson in Chemistry World described their shared leadership and the group’s work on smart nanomaterials for medical and biological applications.
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Pelaz described the value of that mix of backgrounds: “My favourite thing about the group is that we are really gathering people with different backgrounds.” She also stated the group’s aim: “The overall aim of our group is to make smart, efficient, remote-controlled nanomaterials that can be switched on or off using external stimuli.” Both statements are from Pelaz as quoted in Atkinson’s 2022 profile.
How light can trigger antibody release
The featured drug-delivery research combines a cell-derived, biomimetic nanocomposite with gold nanorods. Antibodies are loaded into the composite, which is designed to be internalised by living cells and remain dormant until it is exposed to a specific wavelength of light.
- Cell uptake: Living cells internalise the antibody-loaded nanocomposite.
- Light absorption: Gold nanorods in the composite absorb the selected light.
- Heat generation: The absorbed light produces heat.
- Controlled release: The heat enables release of the antibodies from the composite.
Pelaz explained the mechanism this way: “By combining these two abilities, the biocompatible plasmonic properties and the thermal abilities of the gold nanorods, which absorb light, we can induce controlled release of the antibodies.” This is the mechanism described in the 2022 profile; it does not demonstrate clinical efficacy, regulatory approval, or a therapy that patients can access.
What the DNA-origami “nanoprinters” project was investigating
A separate direction described in the profile used DNA origami: DNA strands folded into specialised three-dimensional structures. The team hoped to use these structures to place ligands—molecules that can bind to biological targets—on nanoparticle surfaces with fine spatial control. One motivation was to mimic the patterns of proteins on viral membranes.
In 2022, Pelaz characterised this as a fundamental study that had been underway for about a year. Its question was how the number and spatial arrangement of ligands affect a nanomaterial’s biological fate. As she put it: “I would like to understand how the spatial distribution and number of ligands can determine the biological fate of nanomaterials.” The profile does not establish what happened to this project after its publication.
What is established—and what remains unknown
The 2022 profile is a dated account of BioNanoTools’ aims and selected research directions. It does not provide comparative performance data or clinical outcomes, nor does it establish regulatory status or commercial availability for the described materials.
A 2024 HeatNMof project deliverable is indexed as reporting 22 scientific publications and eight more in preparation. Those are project-level figures, not a publication count for BioNanoTools or either of its co-founders. The available information likewise does not establish current partnerships or commercial products.
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