Both Garage and RustFS can run an S3-compatible service on one machine, but their single-host options do not provide the same disk-failure protection. Garage’s documented single-node setup has no data redundancy; RustFS offers a one-disk mode with no redundancy and a multi-disk mode with limited disk-failure tolerance. Neither arrangement protects data from losing the entire server. Choose based on your storage layout, backup and recovery plan, and the S3 operations your application actually uses.
What “single node” means for each project
A single-node deployment keeps the object-storage service on one server. That makes the server a shared failure domain: a power, motherboard, filesystem, or other host-level failure can take the service and its local data offline. Disk-level redundancy may help with a failed drive, but it does not turn one server into a highly available system.
| Product and mode | Topology | Documented protection |
|---|---|---|
| Garage single-node quick start | One server; replication_factor = 1 |
No data redundancy. Garage says this setup should not be used in production because it provides no redundancy for data. |
| RustFS SNSD | One server, one data disk | No redundancy; positioned for development, testing, and low-density non-critical use. |
| RustFS SNMD | One server, multiple data disks | Erasure coding provides limited protection against disk failures; it does not protect against server failure. |
| RustFS MNMD | Four or more servers | Distributed mode for disk- and node-level fault tolerance and horizontal scaling; it is not a single-node deployment. |
These are documented deployment designs, not measured reliability guarantees. See the Garage Quick Start and the RustFS Linux installation guide for their respective mode details.
Garage on one machine
What its quick start configures
Garage’s official quick start demonstrates a single-node server with SQLite, replication factor 1, local data and metadata directories, an S3 API listener, and separate web and admin listeners. It also shows garage server --single-node --default-bucket for automatic setup. The guide says these flags are available from Garage v2.3.0; older releases require manual configuration. Check the documentation for the release you intend to run rather than assuming those flags or defaults apply to every version.
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Make storage persistent
The quick start uses /tmp paths as an example and warns that files there disappear on reboot. For retained data, configure persistent local-disk paths for both data and metadata. If you run Garage in a container, persist the corresponding data and metadata volumes; the guide warns that the example container setup does not retain data without them.
Check the S3 operations you need
The guide demonstrates AWS CLI bucket and object operations, including upload and download. It also explicitly notes that some S3 features are not implemented, including ACL and policy. An application that relies on those features may not behave as expected, even if basic object operations work. Review Garage’s quick start and its compatibility notes against your application’s required operations.
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RustFS on one machine
SNSD: one server and one disk
RustFS’s quick start runs SNSD by default and labels it a zero-redundancy evaluation and development mode. Its Linux guide positions SNSD for development, testing, and low-density non-critical business, and calls for backups to address disk failure. A successful installation in this mode is not evidence that the resulting design is suitable for production.
SNMD: multiple disks, still one server
SNMD uses multiple data disks on a single server. RustFS documents erasure coding as providing limited protection against disk failures. That protection is not whole-server protection: if the server fails, its locally held data may be lost or unavailable. Plan for recovery from a host-level incident separately.
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MNMD: a different topology
RustFS documents MNMD for four or more servers. It spans nodes for disk- and node-level fault tolerance and horizontal scaling, so it is the RustFS option to consider when one host is no longer an acceptable failure domain. It is a multi-server architecture, not a single-node setting.
RustFS describes broad S3 API compatibility and read-after-write consistency in both single-machine and distributed modes. These are project statements, not independent confirmation that every operation works with every client. Consult the RustFS architecture documentation and test your own required calls and behavior.
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How to choose
- If you need a simple single-host S3 endpoint for evaluation: Either product documents a single-machine route. Treat Garage’s single-node configuration and RustFS SNSD as non-redundant, and use disposable or recoverable data.
- If you need some tolerance for a failed disk but must keep one server: RustFS SNMD is the documented option among these modes with multi-disk erasure coding. It still leaves the whole server as a failure domain.
- If losing the server must not mean losing access to the only copy: A one-server design is the wrong topology. Consider a multi-node design such as RustFS MNMD or Garage’s cluster deployment, and verify its requirements and operational overhead in the relevant guides.
- If compatibility is the deciding factor: List the S3 calls, authentication behavior, ACLs, policies, and other features your client uses, then test them against the chosen version. “S3-compatible” does not establish identical behavior.
For Garage multi-node deployment, start with its official documentation; for RustFS topology details, use the Linux deployment guide. Do not infer comparative speed from these deployment descriptions: no same-hardware, same-workload benchmark is established here.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Plan persistence, backup, and recovery separately
Redundancy and backup solve different problems. Redundancy can help a service continue through a specified component failure; a backup is a separate recoverable copy that can help after deletion, corruption, or loss of the server. Keep backups independent of the host and storage pool they are meant to protect, and test that you can restore objects and any required configuration.
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- Put object data and required metadata on persistent storage rather than temporary paths.
- For containers, verify that the data and metadata volumes are mounted to durable storage and survive container replacement and host reboot.
- Document which failures your layout is intended to tolerate: a disk, the storage service, or the whole server.
- Test restoration and application access, not merely whether the S3 endpoint responds.
What the documentation does not establish
The documented configurations clarify topology and stated feature support, but they do not provide a controlled performance comparison between Garage and RustFS on identical hardware and workloads. Nor does a broad compatibility statement establish the exact behavior of every S3 feature in your application. Version-specific documentation and practical tests are necessary for those decisions.
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