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An ERC-20 amount is a raw integer until you know the token’s decimal scale. To convert it into the quantity people normally read, divide the raw amount by 10d, where d is the decimals value for that specific token. For example, a raw amount of 123456789 represents 1.23456789 tokens when the contract reports 8 decimals.
What an ERC-20 amount actually represents
The ERC-20 transfer function takes its amount as a uint256: an integer expressed in the token’s smallest accounting units. The integer alone does not tell you how many whole or fractional tokens it represents. EIP-20 describes decimals() as the value applications use to scale that amount for human display.
If a token reports d decimals, its nominal token quantity is:
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raw amount ÷ 10d = token quantity
With 8 decimals, the divisor is 100,000,000. Thus, a raw balance of 123456789 converts to 1.23456789 tokens. This is a generic arithmetic example, not a claim about a particular token contract.
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How to convert a raw amount into tokens
- Identify the exact token contract. Decimals belong to the token’s specific contract; do not infer them from the integer or assume another token uses the same scale.
- Obtain its decimals value from a trusted source. EIP-20 defines
decimals()as optional, so a contract is not guaranteed to expose that method. If it is available, read the value for the contract on the relevant chain. If it is not, use another trusted source rather than assuming a fallback. - Divide by the corresponding power of ten. For a decimals value of 8, divide the raw amount by 100,000,000; for a value of d, divide by 10d.
- Label the result clearly. Distinguish the formatted token quantity from the raw integer so a reader does not mistake atomic units for whole tokens.
The reverse conversion uses the same scale: multiply a user-entered token quantity by 10d to produce the raw integer expected by a transfer. Preserve the exact precision supported by the token’s scale; do not silently round a quantity that cannot be represented as an integer number of atomic units.
Why the scale matters in wallets and payment requests
A payment request can encode a transfer argument as a raw uint256. EIP-681 says the exponent used to express an ERC-20 payment in human-readable units should be the value returned by the token’s decimals(). When a client can retrieve that value from the blockchain or another trusted source, the request should be displayed in the token’s specified units.
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That guidance matters when checking a balance, entering a payment, or inspecting a transaction request: a raw integer without its unit or verified scale hides its order of magnitude. An interface should show a human-readable quantity using the correct token-specific decimals, or identify the value explicitly as raw atomic units.
What to do when decimals are unavailable
EIP-20 makes decimals() optional; it does not establish a universal fallback when the method is absent. A missing response therefore does not, by itself, tell an application what exponent to use. Avoid presenting an assumed scale as verified. Resolve the value through another trusted source before formatting or preparing a human-facing payment, and make the unit clear if only a raw amount is available.
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- Smart backup: Use your second Tangem Wallet as your Backup keys with end‑to‑end encryption; no more papers, pictures. If one card is lost, the remaining can still restore full access, with an optional seed phrase available for advanced users.
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The standards do not prescribe a particular explorer, wallet, RPC provider, or software library for retrieving decimals. The important checks are that the value belongs to the exact token contract and chain in question and that the application applies that scale consistently when displaying quantities and preparing transfers.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Decimals matter beyond balances
Token scale also matters in more complex token-denominated fields, including option amounts and prices. EIP-7390 explicitly cautions users to be aware of token decimals in the context of vanilla options for ERC-20 tokens. The same principle applies: an integer field is not self-explanatory unless its unit and scale are known.
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