Use Puppeteer’s experimental page.bluetooth API to set an emulated adapter state and simulate a preconnected peripheral. For pages that open a device chooser, wait for the prompt before triggering the Web Bluetooth request, then select the matching simulated device. This tests browser-side flows; it does not operate a physical Bluetooth radio or peripheral.
Set up Bluetooth emulation
The following example uses Puppeteer’s documented API pattern. The methods are experimental, so check the API documentation for the Puppeteer version in your project before relying on them.
await page.bluetooth.emulateAdapter('powered-on');
await page.bluetooth.simulatePreconnectedPeripheral({
address: '09:09:09:09:09:09',
name: 'SOME_NAME',
manufacturerData: [{ key: 17, data: 'AP8BAX8=' }],
knownServiceUuids: ['12345678-1234-5678-9abc-def123456789'],
});
// Exercise the page's Web Bluetooth flow.
await page.bluetooth.disableEmulation();emulateAdapter sets the adapter state and accepts an optional low-energy support flag. The peripheral description can specify its address, name, manufacturer data, and known service UUIDs. The values above are illustrative API-example inputs, not details for a real device. See Puppeteer’s BluetoothEmulation interface and PreconnectedPeripheral interface.
Handle a Web Bluetooth device chooser
If the app calls requestDevice() and displays a chooser, register the prompt wait before clicking the control that triggers the request. Then find and select the simulated device:
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const [devicePrompt] = await Promise.all([
page.waitForDevicePrompt(),
page.click('#connect-bluetooth'),
]);
const device = await devicePrompt.waitForDevice(({ name }) =>
name.includes('My Device')
);
await devicePrompt.select(device);Replace #connect-bluetooth with the page’s actual control selector and match the name or another relevant property to the peripheral you configured. Calling waitForDevicePrompt() after the device request is already active will not retrieve that prompt. See Puppeteer’s Page class and DeviceRequestPrompt class.
Keep emulation isolated between tests
Although the Web Bluetooth specification expects emulated adapters to be isolated per top-level navigable, Puppeteer’s documentation says Chromium currently ties the emulation state to the browser context rather than an individual page. Pages sharing a context can therefore interfere with one another’s Bluetooth state. Use a separate browser context for tests that require isolation, and avoid assuming that separate pages alone provide independent adapter state. See the BluetoothEmulation documentation.
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Make test runs reproducible
Puppeteer is a JavaScript library for controlling Chrome or Firefox through DevTools Protocol (CDP) or WebDriver BiDi. Its FAQ says Chrome automation uses CDP by default and Firefox uses WebDriver BiDi by default; Puppeteer releases are closely paired with browser releases to preserve protocol compatibility. When reporting a Bluetooth test failure or maintaining a CI setup, record the Puppeteer version, browser build, and protocol path. Consult the Puppeteer overview and FAQ for version-specific details.
Troubleshoot common failures
- No device prompt is received: Start
waitForDevicePrompt()before the click or other action that calls the page’s Web Bluetooth request. It does not return a prompt that is already active. - The expected device is missing: Confirm that the peripheral was simulated before the page requests a device, and that the predicate used by
waitForDevicematches its configured name or other identifying information. - Tests affect one another: They may share Bluetooth emulation state if their pages use the same browser context. Give isolated tests separate contexts.
- Behavior differs across environments: Verify the Puppeteer and browser versions and the protocol path in use. The Bluetooth API is experimental, and Puppeteer’s browser pairing is release-sensitive.
- A test appears to expect real hardware: This API configures browser-side simulation; it does not drive a physical adapter or peripheral.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server, not a Bluetooth emulator, so it cannot replace Puppeteer for testing Web Bluetooth behavior. If you also need clean page screenshots while documenting or debugging a site, its one-call API captures a URL:
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