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Customize Keycloak by extending a bundled theme and overriding only what you need, then configure authentication behavior through flows, subflows, executions, and their requirements. Treat these changes as security- and upgrade-sensitive. Disabling automatic account creation during an identity-provider login is not the same as disabling an existing Keycloak user; the exact existing-user procedure and its session effects must be checked in documentation matching your server version.
What can you customize in Keycloak?
Keycloak supports customization across several user interfaces, including the login page, Admin Console, and Account Console. The appropriate theme type depends on which interface you want to change. See Keycloak’s UI customization introduction for the scope of those interfaces.
Themes can contain HTML templates, images, message bundles, stylesheets, scripts, and theme properties. Keycloak uses FreeMarker templates to render HTML. In most cases, retaining the built-in templates and overriding selected resources is easier to maintain than replacing broad sets of templates.
How should you create and maintain a custom theme?
- Create a directory for your theme under the server’s themes directory, with a directory for each theme type you intend to customize.
- Add a
theme.propertiesfile for each type. Specify the parent theme and any imported resources needed. - In the Admin Console, select the custom theme under Realm Settings > Themes.
- During development, disable theme and template caching so edits are easier to inspect. Re-enable caching in production; Keycloak warns that caching significantly affects performance.
- Extend a bundled theme and override individual resources as needed. Do not edit bundled theme files directly, which complicates upgrades.
- When upgrading Keycloak, compare any overridden templates with the originals for the new server version and update your copies as needed.
- Restrict write access to theme directories and theme JARs to trusted operators. Keycloak warns that a malicious FreeMarker template can run code as the Keycloak process.
Keycloak’s theme guide covers theme composition, inheritance, caching, and security. Custom templates are a maintenance commitment: changes in Keycloak’s bundled templates can make an override stale after an upgrade.
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How do authentication flows determine what happens?
In the Admin Console, use the Authentication area to inspect, duplicate, or create flows. A flow begins with a top-level definition; you then add executions and, where needed, subflows. In the Keycloak Server Administration Guide 26.8.0, the three factors determining flow behavior are the flow and subflow hierarchy, the executions at each level, and the requirement assigned to each execution and subflow. See the versioned Server Administration Guide.
Executions can be automatic or interactive. An interactive execution may pause for user input. The hierarchy and requirements together determine which steps run and whether the flow completes; a single execution should not be assessed in isolation.
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Adapt an existing flow or build a specialized one
Keycloak supports duplicating an existing flow and modifying the copy. This is often the more maintainable starting point when its structure is close to the behavior you need. For specialized behavior, developers can implement custom Authenticators and incorporate them into a flow; that approach requires development work and careful review of the new logic.
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Before production use, validate the intended paths, alternative branches, and failure cases in a test environment running a version matched to production. Flow configuration is security-sensitive: a requirement or branch that behaves differently than intended can change who is allowed to proceed.
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First Login Flow and Post Login Flow are different
Identity-provider settings distinguish a First Login Flow from a Post Login Flow. The First Login Flow applies when a user logs in through that provider for the first time. A Post Login Flow can run additional actions after provider login. Choose the setting that matches the point in the sign-in lifecycle where the behavior belongs.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Does preventing broker account creation disable existing users?
No. These are separate controls. The Keycloak Server Administration Guide 26.8.0 describes how to prevent automatic creation of a local account during first broker login; that does not establish how to disable an account that already exists.
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Prevent automatic account creation during first broker login
By default, the First Broker Login flow can create a local Keycloak account when someone arrives through an external identity provider and no matching account exists. For deployments where users are pre-created, such as a read-only LDAP store, the guide describes disabling both Create User If Unique and Confirm Link Existing Account in the First Broker Login flow. This is independent of the realm’s self-registration switch.
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The guide also describes a first-login design using Detect Existing Broker User and Automatically Set Existing User, with both requirements set to REQUIRED. Configure the identity provider to use that First Login Flow. Automatically associating a broker identity with an existing account is a trust and account-linking decision; validate the identity-matching assumptions before enabling it.
Disabling an existing account and session effects
The cited passages do not establish the exact user-level procedure for disabling an existing account, how a disabled account is presented at login, or whether existing sessions are terminated. They also do not establish precise behavior for every user-federation provider. Consult the user-management and REST API documentation for the deployed Keycloak version before relying on a procedure or making claims about session revocation. Do not use broker account-creation settings as a substitute for that guidance.
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