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Use transform to change how an element looks and where it appears visually; use transition to control how a property change unfolds over time. For example, a card can move upward on hover by changing its transform, while a transition makes that movement gradual. A transform does not make surrounding content reflow.

How to use CSS transforms and transitions

Set a transform value for the element’s resting state, define a transition for the property you want to animate, then change the transform in an interactive state such as hover or keyboard focus:

.card {
  transform: translateY(0);
  transition: transform 180ms ease;
}

.card:hover,
.card:focus-visible {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
}

The first declaration describes the card’s visual position. The hover and focus rule supplies a different value; the transition interpolates between the two. Include a focus state when the effect is relevant to keyboard interaction. MDN’s guides explain using CSS transforms and using CSS transitions.

What is the difference between transform and transition?

Property What it controls Example
transform An element’s visual coordinate space: its position, size, angle, or shape. transform: translateY(-4px);
transition How a property change is interpolated, including which property, duration, easing, and delay. transition: transform 180ms ease 0s;

A transition does not choose the destination value. A change in state—such as hover, focus, or a class added by JavaScript—does that. The transform changes the visual presentation; the transition controls the timing of that change.

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How to move, rotate, scale, or skew an element

The transform property accepts one or more transform functions. Common choices include:

  • translate() moves an element along one or more axes.
  • rotate() turns it by an angle.
  • scale() changes its visual size.
  • skew() slants it.
  • Three-dimensional functions, such as perspective() and rotateY(), create 3D effects.

You can combine functions in one declaration, for example transform: translateX(12px) rotate(4deg);. Their written order matters because the transformations compose in that order. Use transform-origin to change the point around which a transform operates. MDN also documents individual translate, rotate, and scale properties; when used together, their order is translate, rotate, scale, then transform. See MDN’s transform reference for property details.

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Transforms do not reflow surrounding content

A transform changes an element’s visual appearance and position without changing its place in normal document flow. If a transformed element appears to move over a neighbor, the neighbor stays where layout placed it. Use a layout mechanism instead when the intended result is for surrounding content to move or reflow.

A non-none transform also creates a stacking context and can establish the containing block for positioned descendants. This can explain unexpected stacking behavior or why a position: fixed child behaves relative to a transformed ancestor rather than the viewport. MDN covers these effects in its transform property documentation.

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Choose transition timing and properties deliberately

The transition shorthand commonly specifies a property, duration, timing function, and delay, in that order:

.card {
  transition: transform 180ms ease 0s;
}
  • Name the property, such as transform, rather than defaulting to all. This keeps the intended animation clear and avoids animating unrelated property changes.
  • Choose a duration and easing function appropriate to the effect; the example uses 180 milliseconds and ease, not a universal requirement.
  • Do not rely on auto as a dependable transition endpoint. MDN notes that user-agent behavior can differ and recommends avoiding transitions to or from auto.

Respect reduced-motion preferences

People may request less motion through device or operating-system settings. For non-essential movement, use prefers-reduced-motion to remove or reduce animation while keeping the interface understandable and usable:

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.card {
  transform: translateY(0);
  transition: transform 180ms ease;
}

.card:hover,
.card:focus-visible {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .card {
    transition: none;
  }

  .card:hover,
  .card:focus-visible {
    transform: none;
  }
}

The reduced-motion state should still communicate the same information; do not make movement the only sign of an interaction or state. W3C’s Technique C39 describes this media-query approach for interaction-triggered motion. W3C identifies techniques as examples, not requirements, so using this technique alone is not a guarantee of WCAG conformance. See MDN’s prefers-reduced-motion reference.

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Common problems and fixes

  • The element jumps instead of animating: Confirm that the base rule has a transition and that the changed state modifies the same property. A transition cannot create a destination value on its own.
  • Nearby content does not move with the element: That is expected; transforms do not change normal document flow. Use layout changes if surrounding content must reflow.
  • A fixed child or z-index behaves unexpectedly: Check for a non-none transform on an ancestor, which can create a stacking context or containing block.
  • Unrelated changes animate: Replace transition: all with a transition naming only the property that should change.
  • Motion remains for users who request less: Add a prefers-reduced-motion: reduce rule and verify that the reduced-motion state remains clear and usable.

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