In Java, jsoup’s select() method takes a CSS selector string and returns matching elements. CSS itself does not define a select() function: in browser JavaScript, the corresponding DOM methods are querySelector() and querySelectorAll(). This guide focuses on jsoup and explains the browser distinction separately.
How jsoup’s select() works
jsoup parses HTML into a document tree. Call select() on a Document, an Element, or an Elements collection, passing a CSS selector as a Java string. The result is an Elements collection of matches, including when there is only one match.
For example, if doc is a parsed jsoup document:
Elements links = doc.select("a[href]");
Element firstMasthead = doc.select("div.masthead").first();The first line selects links with an href attribute. The second selects elements with the masthead class, then retrieves the first result. The jsoup cookbook documents these patterns; consult the documentation for the version of jsoup used in your project for version-specific selector behavior: jsoup selector syntax.
Write a selector for the elements you need
Selectors describe element names, attributes, and relationships. The examples below use familiar CSS syntax accepted by jsoup’s selector API.
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| Selector | What it targets | Example |
|---|---|---|
p |
Elements by tag name | All paragraph elements |
.notice |
Elements with a class | Elements whose class list includes notice |
#main |
An element by ID | The element with ID main |
[href] |
Elements with an attribute | Any element that has an href attribute |
a[href] |
Links with an attribute | Anchor elements that have an href |
article p |
Descendants | Paragraphs anywhere inside an article |
h3 > div |
Direct children | Div elements that are immediate children of an h3 |
img[src$=.png] |
Attribute suffix match | Images whose src ends in .png |
To match any of several alternatives, separate selectors with commas, such as p.warning, p.note. In a stylesheet, a selector is followed by a declaration block, as in p { color: rebeccapurple; }. With jsoup, pass the selector portion as a string to the method instead.
Scope a search to a document or existing matches
A call on a document searches that parsed document. Calling select() on an element scopes the search to its descendants, which is useful when you have already located a container and want results only within it:
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Element article = doc.select("article").first();
if (article != null) {
Elements paragraphs = article.select("p");
}An Elements collection can also be selected again. For example, the jsoup cookbook shows selecting h3.r > div from a document, then selecting a within those result divs. This lets you refine a result set without starting over at the document.
Handle missing matches and selector errors
Selection can validly return no matches. If you call first() on the result, check for null before using the returned element, as in the scoped-search example. Otherwise, code that assumes a result exists can fail when the page structure changes or the selector does not match.
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A selector must also be valid for the API receiving it. Do not treat a malformed selector as an ordinary no-match result. In browser JavaScript, MDN documents that an invalid selector passed to querySelector() raises a SyntaxError exception. Consult the documentation for your jsoup version when diagnosing invalid selector strings in Java.
How browser JavaScript differs
In browser code, use document.querySelector() to get the first matching descendant or document.querySelectorAll() to get all matching descendants. Both search descendants and do not include the node on which they are called. The latter returns a static NodeList. These are browser DOM methods, not jsoup’s select() API. See MDN’s querySelector() reference for the browser behavior.
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const firstWarning = document.querySelector("p.warning");
const allWarnings = document.querySelectorAll("p.warning");| Question | jsoup select() |
Browser DOM methods |
|---|---|---|
| Where it runs | Java code using jsoup to parse HTML | JavaScript working with a browser DOM |
| How to request results | Call select(selector) on a document, element, or elements collection |
Call querySelector() for the first match or querySelectorAll() for all matches |
| Result shape | Elements |
A single element or a static NodeList, respectively |
| Search scope | A document or the selected element(s) | Descendants of the node receiving the method call |
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