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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchCSS range syntax lets you compare numeric values in container style queries and, separately, in the CSS `if()` function. Use comparisons such as style(--columns >= 3) for thresholds; use the colon form, style(--theme: dark), to match keyword-like values. The two features have different jobs and different reported browser support, so check the exact syntax against your target browsers before relying on it.
What CSS range syntax does
In a style query, a range compares a custom property or value using operators such as =, <, <=, >, and >=. The W3C CSS Conditional Rules Level 5 Working Draft, dated June 30, 2026, defines declaration-like matching, boolean feature tests, and ranges. It is a draft and may change, not a final W3C Recommendation. Its definition describes a container style query as querying the computed values of the query container.
For example, a container can apply descendant rules when its column count reaches a threshold:
.card-grid {
--columns: 3;
}
@container style(--columns >= 3) {
.card-grid__item {
/* Apply styles when the container's value meets the threshold. */
}
}
A chained range expresses two bounds in one condition:
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@container style(0 < --n < 10) {
.meter {
/* Matches when the queried numeric value is between 0 and 10. */
}
}
These examples show the draft syntax; test the exact form in the browsers and versions your site supports.
Choose between exact matching and a numeric range
The colon form is a value match, suited to keyword-like states. A range is for values that parse as compatible numeric types.
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| Goal | Example | Use it for |
|---|---|---|
| Match a keyword-like value | style(--theme: dark) |
States such as a theme or stock label. |
| Test a numeric threshold | style(--columns >= 3) |
Counts or other compatible numeric values. |
| Test a numeric interval | style(0 < --n < 10) |
A value bounded by two comparisons. |
For an unregistered custom property, colon matching does not calculate a calc() expression as a number. MDN’s example contrasts style(--n: 3), which is false when the unregistered value is the token sequence calc(6/2), with style(--n = 3), which parses both sides as numbers and is true. If computed-value matching for typed values is needed with plain style-query syntax, register the custom property with @property.
How range comparisons are evaluated
The W3C draft says substitution functions are resolved and each operand must parse as one of the supported numeric types. The types it names include numbers, percentages, lengths, angles, times, frequencies, and resolutions. All operands in a comparison must have the same type; a parse failure or incompatible types makes the query false. A unitless zero is treated as a zero length when compared with a length.
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- Use values of compatible types on both sides of a comparison.
- Do not compare unlike dimensions, such as a length and a time.
- Remember that a container query tests the container’s computed value, not the child’s value.
When to use `@container style()` versus `if()`
Both forms can use style conditions, but they affect different parts of the stylesheet. An @container style(...) rule gates a block of rules for descendants based on a query container. The CSS Conditional Rules draft says all elements are style-query containers by default; size and scroll-state container queries have separate requirements.
The CSS Values and Units Level 5 draft defines if() as a value selector inside one declaration. For a style condition in if(), the tested custom property can belong to the element being styled; that test does not need a parent query container. The first true branch supplies the value, and else is always true.
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| Question | @container style() |
if() |
|---|---|---|
| What changes? | A block of descendant CSS rules. | One property value in the declaration containing if(). |
| Where is the style condition evaluated? | On a query container. | It can test a custom property on the styled element itself. |
| What if no condition matches? | The block does not apply, so the regular cascade continues. | Without an else, the function yields an empty token stream; it does not restore the normal cascade. |
For a property that needs a dependable alternate value, include an else branch:
.component {
--density: compact;
padding: if(
style(--density: compact): 0.5rem;
else: 1rem;
);
}
Chrome for Developers said in July 2025 that if() was available from Chrome 137 for trying out, and described style(), media(), and supports() conditions. That dated vendor announcement is not a current cross-browser support statement.
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Browser support differs between the two range forms
The compatibility tables reviewed report separate matrices for container style-query ranges and ranges in if(). Their usage-share context dates differ, and the tables are not guarantees for every release or embedded browser.
| Syntax | Reported supported versions | Reported unsupported versions | Usage-share context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Container style-query range syntax | Chrome 142+, Edge 142+, Firefox 151+, Opera 126+ | Safari through 27 | July 2026 |
Range syntax in if() |
Chrome 142+, Edge 142+, Opera 126+ | Firefox through 151; Safari through 27 | May 2026 |
These are the versions and status reported by the separate Can I Use tables at those dates, not a guarantee about later releases. Do not infer support for one syntax from support for the other; verify the exact syntax against the browsers your audience uses.
Quick Recap
Practical decision checklist
- Use a colon for keyword-like states and comparison operators for numeric thresholds or intervals.
- Choose
@container style()when a container’s value should control a group of descendant rules. - Choose
if()when a condition should select one declaration value, and provideelsewhen the value needs a fallback. - Ensure range operands parse as compatible types, and test each syntax in your target browser matrix.
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