The Tool Desk
Outbyte PC Repair FREEClear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Outbyte Driver Updater FREEScan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Use @media (orientation: portrait) to apply CSS when the viewport is at least as tall as it is wide. A square viewport counts as portrait; the query checks viewport shape, not whether a phone is physically held upright.
Write a portrait orientation media query
Put the styles that should apply to portrait-shaped viewports inside an @media rule:
/* Base styles apply unless a matching query overrides them. */
.cards {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
gap: 1rem;
}
@media (orientation: portrait) {
.cards {
flex-direction: column;
}
}The example stacks the cards when the viewport is portrait-shaped and keeps them in a row otherwise. The media type is optional; you can write @media screen and (orientation: portrait) when you want to specify it. The core condition is (orientation: portrait). See the MDN orientation reference.
What portrait means to CSS
The query uses the dimensions of the viewport being evaluated: portrait matches when its height is greater than or equal to its width, while landscape matches when its width is greater than its height. Thus, an exactly square viewport matches portrait. The CSS Working Group’s Media Queries Level 5 draft defines this geometry-based feature.
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This is not a direct query of a device’s physical rotation. A browser window or iframe can have a shape different from the device display, and its own viewport dimensions determine which orientation rule matches.
Choose orientation, width, height, or aspect ratio
| Layout need | Condition | Why it fits |
|---|---|---|
| Switch when the viewport changes between tall or square and wide | (orientation: portrait) or (orientation: landscape) |
Tests the portrait/landscape geometry category directly. |
| Change layout at a horizontal-space breakpoint | (min-width: …) or (max-width: …) |
Tests available width rather than inferring it from orientation. |
| Respond to limited vertical space | (min-height: …) or (max-height: …) |
Tests the height constraint directly. |
| Respond to a particular viewport proportion | (min-aspect-ratio: …) or (max-aspect-ratio: …) |
Tests width-to-height proportion rather than only the portrait/landscape category. See MDN’s aspect-ratio reference. |
Do not use orientation as a synonym for “mobile.” A narrow desktop window can be portrait-shaped, while a phone or tablet can be landscape. Pick the condition that expresses the actual layout constraint; use orientation when the tall-versus-wide switch itself matters.
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Why portrait styles can change when the keyboard opens
On some devices, opening the soft keyboard changes the available viewport dimensions enough that it becomes wider than it is tall. The browser can then match (orientation: landscape) even while the device is held upright. If orientation-sensitive behavior appears to stop working, inspect the viewport used by the CSS and test with the keyboard open. For an iframe, check the iframe’s viewport rather than assuming the surrounding page’s shape controls its layout.
Or skip the browser setup
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Troubleshooting
- The rule does not match when the device is upright: Orientation follows viewport dimensions, not physical rotation. Check the viewport’s width and height, including whether a soft keyboard is open.
- A square viewport matches portrait: That is expected; the portrait boundary includes equal height and width.
- An embedded page behaves differently from its parent: An iframe has its own layout viewport. Test the dimensions of the iframe’s viewport.
- The layout changes at an unexpected width: If the design is intended to change at a specific width or proportion, replace the orientation condition with a width, height, or aspect-ratio query suited to that constraint.
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