For a basic truck turnaround measure, subtract the timestamp for completed terminal gate-in from the timestamp for completed terminal gate-out, using both events from the same truck visit. The subtraction is simple; defining the gate boundary, linking the right events to one visit, and stating what the result includes are the important modeling decisions.
Define what “turnaround time” covers
TIC 4.0 defines Truck Turnaround Time as the average time an external truck spends on a terminal during a carrier visit. Its specified start is completion of terminal gate-in; its endpoint is completion of terminal gate-out. The definition names actual arrival- and departure-terminal-gate-end timestamps and describes reporting in minutes or hours. TIC 4.0’s Truck Turnaround Time definition is a useful reference for that boundary.
Do not silently substitute a port gate or a wider visit boundary. TIC 4.0’s PortGate definition describes carrier passage through port-gate or pre-gate facilities. Port-gate entry and exit may happen before or after the terminal-gate events; at some ports, there is no designated port gate and the processes may coincide. Label the boundary in the event data and report.
Also distinguish time inside the terminal from time waiting outside it. PierPass describes total visit time as outside queue time plus terminal time. A terminal-gate-to-terminal-gate calculation does not include an outside queue unless the local metric explicitly defines a broader interval. PierPass’s truck turn-time explanation makes that distinction, while APM Terminals describes its own truck turn times as the interval from entering the gate to leaving it. The latter is an operator-specific description, not a universal rule for every facility.
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Represent events so one visit can be reconstructed
Keep the visit identifier, event meaning, and timestamp together. A minimal event record could look like this:
GateEvent
visit_id stable identifier for one truck visit
vehicle_id truck identity recorded by the facility
event_type GATE_IN, WEIGH_1, DOCK_IN, DOCK_OUT, WEIGH_2, GATE_OUT, etc.
event_at timestamp with an explicit timezone or offset
source reader, TOS, or other originating systemThe essential field is a stable visit_id that associates the entry and exit with the same carrier visit. A vehicle identifier alone may not be enough when a truck makes multiple visits. The event type should distinguish completed terminal gate-in and gate-out from other scans, and the timestamp should carry enough timezone information to interpret it consistently. This is a practical modeling pattern, not a schema mandated by TIC 4.0 or CODECO.
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For example, a terminal operating system may record gate events, and UNECE’s UN/EDIFACT CODECO D.17B is a container gate-in/gate-out report message used by terminals, depots, and similar parties to confirm container delivery or pickup by inland carriers. That makes CODECO or a TOS a plausible source for operational data, but facilities do not necessarily use the same message, fields, or event semantics. See the UNECE UN/EDIFACT CODECO description and this terminal performance monitoring study describing gate timestamps recorded in a TOS.
Calculate the interval for each visit
Once the correct completed gate events are paired, elapsed time is the end timestamp minus the start timestamp. Convert the result to the unit you report:
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for each visit_id:
start = actual timestamp for completion of terminal gate-in
end = actual timestamp for completion of terminal gate-out
turnaround_minutes = (end - start).total_seconds() / 60This calculation assumes one valid start/end pair for a visit, that the end follows the start, and that both timestamps use a consistent time basis. Those assumptions should be explicit in an implementation. The KPI definition establishes the endpoints, but does not prescribe universal handling for duplicate scans, missing endpoints, clock corrections, timezone normalization, or negative intervals. Decide and document local data-quality rules rather than presenting them as industry standards.
Use intermediate events for diagnosis, not the basic KPI
Events such as weighbridge readings, dock entry and exit, or bay calls can be retained alongside gate events. They can help an operations team investigate where time is being spent, but they do not alter the basic terminal gate-in-to-gate-out calculation. The matching simple data-model example lists intermediate stages as event categories; stage-level analysis is a natural use of those records, not part of the KPI’s specified endpoints.
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Report enough context to make the number usable
Publish the boundary, unit, time period, grouping, and statistic with a turnaround value. TIC 4.0’s examples include time buckets by hour, day, month, or year, and groupings such as truck operator or flow type. Its KPI is an average per carrier visit; if you report a different statistic, label it rather than calling it an average.
- Boundary: say terminal gate, port gate, or another explicitly defined pair of events.
- Queue treatment: state whether outside queue time is excluded or included.
- Aggregation: identify average per visit or another statistic, plus the time bucket and any operator or flow grouping.
- Event meaning: specify whether timestamps represent completed gate-in and gate-out, as in the TIC 4.0 definition.
Before comparing facilities, align those definitions. Two values both labeled “truck turnaround time” are not directly comparable if one starts at the port gate, another at the terminal gate, or one includes outside queue time.
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