To report server-side errors that Next.js captures, use the onRequestError hook in instrumentation.ts, normalize a small allowlisted event, and await a POST to an ingestion endpoint or collector you control. An App Router Route Handler can receive that POST, but it is a public endpoint that must validate and limit incoming data. This approach does not automatically capture every process crash, infrastructure failure, browser exception, or error your code catches and suppresses.
What Next.js can capture on the server
The framework integration point is the optional onRequestError(error, request, context) export from the root instrumentation.ts or instrumentation.js file. In a src-based project, place the file alongside app and pages. Next.js calls register() to initialize instrumentation once per server instance, and registration must finish before that instance is ready to handle requests. The current instrumentation guide shows @vercel/otel as an example, but a minimal error reporter does not need OpenTelemetry. The instrumentation API reference documents the hook and its context.
onRequestError runs when Next.js captures a request error. Its context can identify the router (Pages or App) and whether the error occurred during rendering, a route handler, an action, or proxy execution. The request data includes path, method, and headers; treat that breadth as a reason to select fields deliberately, not to forward the entire request.
For Server Component errors, React may process the error before the hook receives it, so the error value may not be the original thrown instance. Next.js documents an error digest as an identifier for this case. Narrow or normalize the error before reading fields, and do not assume that every property of an arbitrary thrown value exists.
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Coverage is bounded by the hook
The hook reports errors Next.js captures in request execution. It is not a general process monitor: it does not establish that every unhandled process-level failure, host termination, infrastructure incident, or database error swallowed by application code will be reported. When an application catches an error intentionally and continues, explicitly report it at the catch site if it matters to operations.
The hook became stable in Next.js 15.0.0; the official Next.js 15 announcement says the feature is stable and the experimental.instrumentationHook config option can be removed. Check the documentation for the version actually installed when supporting older projects.
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How to send a compact error event
- Add instrumentation. Create
instrumentation.tsat the project root, or alongsideappandpagesundersrc. Useregister()for one-time setup and exportonRequestErrorfor request failures. - Normalize the event. Extract only fields needed for diagnosis: an allowlisted category, a normalized message, digest when available, route type or pattern, HTTP method, deployment environment, release identifier if available, and a timestamp or correlation ID generated by the server.
- Await reporting. Send the event with an awaited POST to your ingestion URL or collector. The API reference specifically advises awaiting asynchronous reporting work if it needs to complete as part of the hook.
- Validate and persist or forward it. On receipt, validate the schema and apply the authentication, anti-abuse, size, and storage controls appropriate to your deployment.
This is an implementation pattern built from the hook and Route Handler APIs, not a complete secure logging service supplied by Next.js. Keep all values derived from requests or thrown errors untrusted. In particular, do not forward the full request object, cookies, authorization headers, arbitrary headers, request body, or user-controlled query strings by default. The hook exposes useful context, but Next.js does not prescribe this exact event schema.
Example App Router receiver
A receiver can live at app/api/errors/route.ts, in a segment that does not also contain a page. Route Handlers use the Web Request/Response APIs; an equivalent Pages Router endpoint uses API Routes. The following is a structural sketch: the validator and storeEvent are application-specific and intentionally not implemented here.
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import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
export async function POST(request: Request) {
let body: unknown;
try {
body = await request.json();
} catch {
return NextResponse.json({ ok: false }, { status: 400 });
}
const event = validateErrorEvent(body);
if (!event) {
return NextResponse.json({ ok: false }, { status: 400 });
}
await storeEvent(event);
return NextResponse.json({ ok: true }, { status: 202 });
}Implement a body-size limit as well as schema validation; parsing arbitrary JSON before imposing an appropriate limit can itself consume resources. Choose authentication or another abuse control that fits who is allowed to submit events and how the endpoint is reached. Do not treat an origin check as authentication. Return a minimal success or rejection response, not stack traces or internal backend details. Next.js describes Route Handlers as public HTTP endpoints and advises: “Avoid exposing sensitive information in error messages sent to the client.” See the Backend for Frontend guide.
What the receiving route should protect
Route Handlers support POST and are not cached by default; GET caching is opt-in. POST is therefore the natural method for event ingestion. Keep the endpoint under a distinct API path because a Route Handler and a page cannot occupy the same route segment. These behaviors are documented in the Route Handlers guide.
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- Validate shape and values: accept only known event categories and bounded strings; reject unexpected fields where practical.
- Limit volume and size: configure request-body limits, rate limits, and deduplication according to the deployment and expected traffic.
- Control access: use authentication or other appropriate anti-abuse mechanisms. These protections are not built into Route Handlers by virtue of using Next.js.
- Keep responses quiet: expose only a simple status to the caller; retain detailed diagnostics in the protected collector or storage system.
- Choose durable storage: forward to a collector or database suited to the host instead of assuming process memory or local disk will persist.
Runtime and hosting constraints
The instrumentation file can run in Node.js and Edge runtimes. The API reference shows checking process.env.NEXT_RUNTIME to load runtime-specific code; avoid importing Node-only modules on an Edge execution path. Keep the reporting code compatible with the runtime where the relevant request executes.
On serverless hosts, handlers may run as lambdas that do not share state across invocations, may not have writable filesystem access, and may be terminated on timeout. An in-memory queue or local file is therefore not durable storage in that deployment model. Use a storage service or collector designed for the host and keep work on the request path short. Do not assume that awaiting an outbound report guarantees delivery if the runtime itself is terminated.
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Do you need sourcemaps, replay, or an observability SDK?
No sourcemap upload or session replay is required to send a compact server error event through this pattern. The event can identify the failure by category, normalized message, digest when present, and route context without recording a user session. The trade-off is diagnostic depth: a small event is easier to constrain and explain, while richer stack or user-session context would require separate decisions about data handling and tooling.
A custom hook and endpoint suit teams that want narrow server request reporting and are prepared to own validation, controls, and storage. A hosted observability SDK can add aggregation and diagnostic workflows, but is optional. Sentry is mentioned in the Next.js 15 announcement in connection with designing onRequestError; that does not make it a prerequisite. Likewise, the instrumentation guide’s @vercel/otel example is useful for broader telemetry but is more than this minimal event path requires. No performance improvement should be inferred without measurement.
Browser errors are a separate reporting path
This design covers server request failures, not browser JavaScript exceptions. Next.js documents instrumentation-client.ts as a separate client-side instrumentation surface that runs after HTML load and before hydration, and recommends keeping it lightweight. Use that surface or explicit browser event listeners if client-side capture is needed; it is not necessary for the backend flow described here. See the instrumentation-client reference.
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