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To build a basic JSON endpoint with Spring Boot, generate a Java project that includes Spring Web, create a resource representation and an annotated controller, then run the application and send it an HTTP request. Spring’s starter guide lists Java 17 or later and Maven 3.5+ or Gradle 7.5+ as prerequisites; check that these also meet the requirements of the Spring Boot release you select.
What this guide builds
The starter service handles an HTTP request and returns a Java object as a JSON representation. It is a useful first endpoint, not a complete production API: a counter-backed greeting is a demonstration, not durable domain storage, and CRUD-shaped routes alone do not establish that an API follows REST’s architectural constraints.
Spring’s [official REST guide](https://spring.io/guides/gs/rest-service/) provides the runnable greeting example and the setup and run flow. The broader [Spring REST tutorial](https://spring.io/guides/tutorials/rest/) explores persistence, hypermedia, and compatibility practices.
Check prerequisites and choose a build tool
- Java: 17 or later, as listed by Spring’s starter guide.
- Build tool: Maven 3.5+ or Gradle 7.5+.
- Spring Boot version: select a release through Spring Initializr and confirm its compatibility requirements; version availability changes over time.
Use Maven or Gradle according to the conventions and workflow of your project. The starter guide supports both; neither is a prerequisite for choosing a particular API design.
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Generate a Spring Boot project
- Open Spring Initializr.
- Choose a project type and language appropriate for your build, and set the project’s Java version to one supported by the Spring Boot release selected.
- Add Spring Web as a dependency. This is the web starter used in the official REST guide.
- Generate and download the project, extract it, and open it in your editor or IDE.
The generated application’s entry point is typically annotated with @SpringBootApplication. In the starter example, this annotation combines configuration, auto-configuration, and component scanning to make application setup convenient. It does not remove the need to understand how your application is organized or which components it loads.
Understand the representation and controller
A resource representation is the data your endpoint returns. In the greeting example, a Java resource type holds the greeting message; Spring converts the returned object into a JSON response. A @RestController handles HTTP requests and returns response data rather than rendering a server-side view.
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Spring describes its approach this way: “In Spring’s approach to building RESTful web services, HTTP requests are handled by a controller.” The controller connects a request to application behavior, while the resource type gives the response a defined shape.
Add a GET endpoint and return JSON
The official greeting example uses a controller method mapped to an HTTP GET request. The method returns a greeting resource, and Spring’s web support serializes it as JSON. For a small standalone example, the essential structure is:
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@RestController
public class GreetingController {
@GetMapping("/greeting")
public Greeting greeting() {
return new Greeting("Hello, World!");
}
}
public record Greeting(String content) {}
This illustrates the roles rather than replacing the official guide’s complete project. The mapping associates a URL with a method; the method creates the response representation; Spring handles HTTP integration and JSON serialization. If you adapt the sample, use imports and Java syntax supported by your chosen project configuration.
Run the service and inspect the response
- In the project root, run the application using the command or run configuration generated for your build tool. The exact command depends on whether Initializr generated Maven or Gradle files; Spring’s guide gives the corresponding run flow.
- Wait for startup to complete and note the local port reported by the application.
- Request
http://localhost:8080/greetingin a browser or with an HTTP client, adjusting the port if your app reports a different one. - Inspect the response body. For the greeting representation above, the JSON shape is
{"content":"Hello, World!"}.
If the request fails, check that the application finished starting, that you are using its actual port, and that the controller’s mapping matches the path requested. A successful JSON response verifies the basic request-to-controller-to-representation path; it does not test persistence, authorization, or broader REST constraints.
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Decide whether MVC or WebFlux fits the application
Spring Boot supports servlet-based Spring MVC and reactive Spring WebFlux. They reflect different execution models and programming styles; the choice should follow application requirements and the team’s design, not a preference for one set of annotations. Spring’s web reference also documents embedded Tomcat, Jetty, and Netty server options. These are implementation choices, not interchangeable labels for every application.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Separate HTTP CRUD behavior from REST architecture
An API can use resource-like URLs and HTTP methods such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE without satisfying REST’s full architectural style. Spring’s broader tutorial explicitly cautions that attractive URLs, HTTP verbs, and CRUD operations alone are not enough. REST involves constraints beyond the shape of the routes.
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The tutorial expands its employee service with resource relations and links using Spring HATEOAS, and discusses compatibility practices. Hypermedia links can let a client discover related actions from a response rather than relying entirely on hard-coded route assumptions. These are design steps beyond the minimal greeting endpoint; adding a database or CRUD routes alone does not provide them.
Move from a demonstration to an application
Add durable data only when the domain needs it
The greeting counter in a teaching example is not a persistence strategy. For a data-backed employee service, Spring’s broader tutorial uses Spring Data JPA with an H2 in-memory database. An in-memory database is suitable for demonstrating repository integration, but its use does not by itself establish durable storage across restarts.
Plan the API’s behavior and operational needs
- Validation and errors: decide which input is acceptable and how clients should receive validation failures and other errors.
- Security: determine who may call each endpoint and protect access accordingly; a running sample should not be assumed secure by default.
- Testing: cover expected responses and failure cases, not just whether the application starts.
- Documentation: describe request and response contracts so clients can integrate reliably.
- Deployment: review configuration and operational requirements for the target environment. Spring Boot applications can be run as executable archives, but that capability does not mean deployment concerns are automatically solved.
- Compatibility: consider how changes to representations and resource relations affect existing clients; Spring’s REST tutorial treats compatibility as a design concern.
Spring’s overview describes Boot’s purpose and capabilities. Use the version-specific documentation for the release you choose when implementing capabilities beyond this introductory endpoint.
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