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Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallssh connects to a remote computer over an encrypted connection, opens an interactive shell, or runs a command there. The basic form is ssh [options] [user@]hostname [remote-command]. Replace example usernames, hostnames, ports, key paths, and commands below with the values for your systems.
SSH command syntax
The OpenBSD ssh(1) manual describes SSH as a client for secure, encrypted communication between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network. A destination is usually a hostname, optionally preceded by a username. You can also supply a command after the destination; SSH runs it on the remote host instead of starting an interactive login shell.
These are syntax examples based on the manual, not tested sessions. Your computer needs an SSH client, and the remote machine must accept SSH connections for the account and address you use.
Common SSH command examples
| Task | Command | What to replace or expect |
|---|---|---|
| Connect using your current local username | ssh host.example.com |
Replace host.example.com with the server hostname or IP address. SSH uses your local username unless you specify another. |
| Connect as a named user | ssh user@host.example.com |
Replace user and host.example.com with the remote account and host. |
| Run one remote command | ssh user@host.example.com 'uname -a' |
Replace the quoted command with the command to run remotely. The quote keeps the shell from treating it as a local command. |
| Use a non-default port | ssh -p 2222 user@host.example.com |
Replace 2222 with the port configured for the SSH server. |
| Select a private key file | ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 user@host.example.com |
Replace the key path with the private key file you intend to use. |
| Connect through a jump host | ssh -J user@jump.example.com user@internal.example.com |
Replace both user/host pairs. The first is the jump host; the second is the destination reached through it. |
| Show connection diagnostics | ssh -v user@host.example.com |
Add more v characters, up to three, for progressively more verbose output. |
Useful SSH options
| Option | Purpose |
|---|---|
-p port |
Connect to the specified remote port instead of the default. |
-i identity_file |
Choose a private-key identity file. |
-J destination |
Connect through a jump host before reaching the destination. |
-v, -vv, -vvv |
Print increasingly detailed diagnostic output. |
-L |
Set up local port or socket forwarding. |
-R |
Set up remote port or socket forwarding. |
-D |
Create a local SOCKS proxy endpoint for dynamic forwarding. |
-N |
Do not run a remote command; useful when the connection is only for forwarding. |
-A |
Enable authentication-agent forwarding. Use only when you understand the access it grants on the remote host. |
-X, -Y |
Enable untrusted or trusted X11 forwarding, respectively; both have security implications. |
Option availability and behavior can vary across SSH implementations. Consult your installed client’s manual if it differs from the OpenBSD reference.
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SSH port forwarding: choose by traffic direction
Forwarding creates a listener at one end of an SSH connection and carries connections through the encrypted channel to another destination. Pick the option based on where the listener should be and which side can reach the destination.
| Mode | Where it listens | Where connections go | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|
Local: -L |
On the SSH client side | To a specified host and port (or socket) reachable from the remote side | Reach a service on a remote network through the SSH server. |
Remote: -R |
On the SSH server side | Back to a specified host and port (or socket) reachable from the local side | Make a locally reachable service available through a listener on the remote side. |
Dynamic: -D |
On the SSH client side | To destinations selected by applications using the local SOCKS4/SOCKS5 proxy | Route supported application traffic through an SSH connection. |
For TCP remote forwarding, the remote listener is loopback-only by default. Binding it to a broader address changes who may be able to connect, and whether that is permitted also depends on server configuration. Avoid exposing a forwarded listener beyond the intended audience.
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Forwarding-only sessions
Add -N when you want the SSH connection to carry forwarded traffic without opening a remote shell or running a command. For example, the general shape is ssh -N -L local_port:destination_host:destination_port user@host.example.com. Replace each placeholder with the local listening port, a destination reachable from the remote side, its port, and the SSH account and host. The listener is on your client; this is not the shape for a listener on the server.
Save repeated settings in SSH configuration
The OpenBSD ssh_config(5) manual documents per-user and system-wide client configuration. Its documented default client port is 22. A per-user file at ~/.ssh/config can store settings for matching host patterns so you do not need to repeat them on every command.
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For example, a host entry can take this form:
Host myserver
HostName host.example.com
User user
Port 2222
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519After saving an entry like this, connect using its alias with ssh myserver. Replace the example values with your account, host, port, and key path. Configuration uses host patterns and option-ordering rules; read the current manual before relying on overlapping entries or assuming a setting applies to every host.
Security cautions for agent and X11 forwarding
Authentication-agent forwarding
With -A, the remote host can use your forwarded local authentication agent to request authentication operations. The OpenBSD ssh(1) manual warns that a user on the remote host who can bypass the relevant socket permissions may use identities loaded in your agent. Prefer a jump host when it meets the connection need, and avoid agent forwarding to machines you do not trust.
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X11 forwarding
-X requests untrusted X11 forwarding; -Y requests trusted X11 forwarding. X11 forwarding can expose your local display to a remote user able to bypass relevant file permissions. The manual also notes that trusted forwarding is not subject to the X11 SECURITY extension restrictions. Enable it only when needed and when you trust the remote host.
Troubleshoot a connection with verbose output
-
Retry with
ssh -v user@host.example.com, substituting the correct account and host. The client prints diagnostic information that can help identify where the connection is failing.Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.Best Value
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-
If the output is not detailed enough, increase verbosity to
-vvor-vvv. The OpenBSD manual documents progressively more verbose diagnostics up to threevcharacters. -
Check the command values you supplied: username, hostname, port, and identity-file path. If connecting through a jump host, verify each destination in the
-Jchain. -
Before sharing diagnostic output publicly, review it for sensitive hostnames, account names, addresses, or other details you do not want exposed.
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