You can automate Chromium-based Opera with Selenium 4 in Python by installing Opera, using an OperaChromiumDriver release compatible with its Chromium version, and directing Selenium to Opera’s executable. The example below starts Opera locally, waits for a page element, checks the result, and shuts the browser and driver service down cleanly. Local tests do not require Selenium Server or Grid.
What connects Selenium to Opera?
Selenium’s Python package automates browser interactions. WebDriver is the control layer: Selenium sends commands through a browser-specific driver, which communicates with the browser. For Opera, that driver is OperaChromiumDriver, maintained by Opera Software and derived from ChromeDriver for Chromium-based Opera products.
OperaChromiumDriver is a separate executable; installing the Python Selenium package does not install Opera or guarantee that the matching Opera driver is available. Treat the installed Opera version, OperaChromiumDriver release, and Selenium version as a compatibility set. In particular, align the driver with the Chromium version used by your Opera installation.
Install Python Selenium, Opera, and OperaChromiumDriver
-
Install Python and create a virtual environment in your project directory:
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python -m venv .venvActivate it using the command for your shell, then install Selenium:
python -m pip install -U selenium -
Install the desktop version of Opera you intend to test. If it is not in a location OperaDriver can detect, note the full path to its executable; you will set that path in the test.
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Download an OperaChromiumDriver release compatible with the Chromium version in that Opera installation. Make the executable available on your system PATH, or retain its full path so you can pass it directly to Selenium’s service object.
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Check that the Selenium package, Opera executable, and driver executable are available to the same environment that will run the test. A virtual environment manages Python packages; it does not put Opera or OperaChromiumDriver on PATH.
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Launch Opera with Selenium 4 in Python
Opera’s Selenium 4 desktop setup uses ChromeOptions to configure the Opera binary, an OperaDriver service to start the driver, and Selenium’s Remote WebDriver interface to connect to that service. Although the Python connection uses webdriver.Remote, this example runs Opera on the same machine as the Python script; it is not a Selenium Grid test.
Replace the two paths below with locations on your machine. If OperaDriver is already on PATH, you can omit the explicit executable path and let the service resolve it.
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from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.binary_location = "/absolute/path/to/opera"
# Opera's desktop example enables W3C mode.
options.add_experimental_option("w3c", True)
service = Service(executable_path="/absolute/path/to/operadriver")
driver = None
try:
service.start()
driver = webdriver.Remote(
command_executor=service.service_url,
options=options,
)
driver.get("https://example.com")
heading = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "h1"))
)
assert heading.text == "Example Domain"
finally:
if driver is not None:
driver.quit()
service.stop()Use the executable paths appropriate to your operating system and installation. If you rely on PATH, omit the executable_path argument, for example Service(). Selenium 4 uses W3C WebDriver by default; the explicit option above follows Opera’s documented setup. If your installed driver rejects that capability, check its compatibility before removing it.
Make Opera tests stable
Prefer selectors tied to the interface contract
Locate controls by stable attributes such as an application-owned ID, name, or test-specific attribute. Avoid selectors that depend on generated class names, long DOM paths, or incidental layout. A test should fail when the behavior it protects changes, not because a styling class or page structure was rearranged.
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Wait for the condition the test needs
Pages that load data or update after interaction may not be ready when a command runs. The example uses an explicit wait for a visible heading rather than pausing for a fixed number of seconds. For other actions, wait for the relevant state—for example, an element to become clickable or a result to appear—then assert that state.
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Keep setup, browser actions, and assertions distinguishable
If a test fails, first determine whether OperaDriver started and Opera launched. Then check navigation and element lookup, and finally the assertion. This separates driver or browser startup failures from a page-level defect or an incorrect expected result.
Always close the session
Call driver.quit() during teardown, including after assertion failures. It ends the WebDriver session and closes the browser. When you start the local driver service explicitly, stop that service as well; the example’s finally block handles both cleanup paths.
Choose local execution or a remote WebDriver
| Approach | Best fit | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|
| Local OperaDriver service | Developing or running tests on the machine with Opera installed. | Simple setup and direct access to a local browser, but each test environment needs its own compatible Opera and driver installation. |
| Selenium Grid or another Remote WebDriver endpoint | Running browsers on remote machines, centralizing browser infrastructure, or scaling execution across environments. | Supports remote execution, but requires a reachable endpoint and an environment provisioned with the intended browser and driver combination. |
Selenium Manager can handle many driver installations for supported browser setups, but do not assume it will select or manage the OperaChromiumDriver version needed by your Opera build. For reproducible Opera runs, explicitly choose and pin the compatible OperaChromiumDriver release. Selenium’s Python and getting-started documentation distinguish local scripts, which do not need Selenium Server, from remote execution through Grid or a Remote WebDriver endpoint.
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Use a fresh Opera launch or attach to an existing session
| Mode | What it does | When it fits |
|---|---|---|
| Fresh launch | Starts a new Opera browser session for the test. | Use when isolation between test runs matters and the test should control its own browser lifecycle. |
| Binary autodetection | Lets the driver locate the Opera executable rather than setting binary_location. |
Use only when the installed Opera location is detected correctly; set the binary path explicitly when it is not. |
| Remote-debugging attachment | Connects to an Opera session already started with remote debugging enabled. | Use when reusing an existing session is necessary. It is less isolated than starting a fresh browser for each test. |
Opera documents these as distinct launch modes. The code above uses a fresh launch with an explicit binary location; it does not attach to an existing debugging session.
Troubleshoot common OperaDriver failures
-
Opera cannot be found or the wrong browser launches: Set
options.binary_locationto the full path of the Opera executable and verify that the path belongs to the installation you intend to test. -
OperaDriver executable is not found: Add the directory containing OperaChromiumDriver to PATH, or pass its full path to
Service(executable_path=...). Confirm the test process sees the same PATH you updated. -
Driver starts but cannot create a session: Check the Opera, OperaChromiumDriver, and Selenium versions together, especially Chromium compatibility between Opera and the driver. A Python import succeeding does not establish browser-driver compatibility.
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Opera launches but a test fails: Inspect the failed navigation, selector, explicit-wait condition, and assertion separately. Confirm the page reached the state the test expects instead of treating every failure as an installation problem.
-
You are following an old Opera binding example: Older Opera module documentation describes historical integration steps, including placing OperaDriver on PATH. Use current Selenium 4 setup patterns for new tests, and treat older examples as background rather than proof that a present driver and browser combination is compatible.
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