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“Ultrasound” is a metaphor, not what astronomers detected: no one recorded sound from the planets. Researchers observed light and millimeter-wave emission from PDS 70, a young star surrounded by a disk of gas and dust, where two giant protoplanets—PDS 70b and PDS 70c—are forming.
What the “ultrasound” headline really means
Ultrasound is sound at frequencies above the range of human hearing. The PDS 70 observations were not acoustic measurements, and no sound waves from the planets traveled to Earth. The teams analyzed electromagnetic signals—visible and infrared light, along with millimeter radio emission—to study the star, its disk, and the forming planets. The cited reports do not give a sound frequency or sound level for this system.
The headline’s comparison is figurative: instruments let astronomers examine a process that is otherwise hidden in a bright, dusty disk. The evidence is about observed light and radio emission, not a recording that listeners could hear.
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Outbyte Driver Updater FREEFix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Outbyte PC Repair FREEClear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Which planets are forming around PDS 70?
PDS 70 is a young star with a disk of gas and dust. Its two known protoplanets, PDS 70b and PDS 70c, are giant, Jupiter-like worlds observed within that disk. In 2018, the European Southern Observatory (ESO) reported the first confirmed image of a newborn planet caught in the act of forming: PDS 70b. In 2020, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) described PDS 70 as the first known multiplanetary system in which astronomers could witness planet formation in action, following confirmation of the two planets. Those are specific, dated “first” claims—not claims that these were the first planets ever discovered or that no other planets are forming elsewhere. ESO’s 2018 report and the NSF’s 2020 report describe those milestones.
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How astronomers separated planet signals from the disk
Seeing a forming planet is difficult because its emission must be distinguished from light and radiation from the surrounding star and disk. The observations used different instruments and methods to address that challenge:
- ESO’s VLT: In 2018, the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch instrument (SPHERE) on the Very Large Telescope directly imaged PDS 70b in the dusty disk.
- Keck II: In work described by NSF in 2020, a Caltech team used a new infrared pyramid wavefront sensor to improve adaptive-optics correction, then applied image analysis to distinguish planet emission from the disk. NSF astronomy program director Peter Kurczynski called the broader value of such advances succinctly: “New technology is a science multiplier.” The remark concerns what improved instruments make possible, not sound or the planets themselves.
These are professional observatory techniques; the cited reports do not establish that a household telescope can reveal the protoplanets. Read the NSF account of the Keck observations for its explanation of the sensor and analysis.
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What ALMA found—and what it does not prove
In follow-up observations reported in December 2024, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observed the PDS 70 disk at a wavelength of 3 mm. The reports describe a localized concentration of dust outside the orbits of the two known planets. PDS 70 is 367 light-years away, according to the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) in its 2024 report.
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The dust concentration may be a place where material can gather and potentially contribute to another planet. It is not a confirmed third planet: the observation identifies a possible site for accumulating material, not a new world. The NAOJ report and ALMA Observatory’s report describe the findings.
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PDS 70 is no longer the only known example
In a report published on 24 March 2026, ESO described two forming planets around WISPIT 2, a different young star. ESO called it the second known system after PDS 70 in which two planets had been directly observed forming around their host star. WISPIT 2 is a useful update on the field, but it is not the system discussed in the “ultrasound” headline. ESO’s WISPIT 2 report gives that dated comparison.
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