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To get started with Appium, install the Appium server, add a driver for the mobile platform you want to automate, install that platform’s development tools, then run the driver’s doctor check and a client test. The server alone cannot automate a phone: Android commonly uses UiAutomator2, while iOS-family testing uses XCUITest and requires a macOS host. This guide follows the Appium 3.3 Android quickstart and current Appium driver and CLI documentation; check the linked docs for prerequisites and commands that may change.
How Appium fits together
Appium is a server and extension system for mobile automation. Your test client sends WebDriver commands to the server; a platform driver translates those commands into the target platform’s automation APIs. Drivers are installed separately, so a running server without the matching driver cannot automate the device. Appium’s driver introduction explains this model, and the official driver catalog lists supported drivers and targets.
Choose the target before installing tools. Android’s common official driver is UiAutomator2. The official iOS-family driver is XCUITest. They are not interchangeable: each has its own host and platform prerequisites.
| Target | Driver | Host and toolchain | Supported application modes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Android, Android TV, Android Wear | UiAutomator2 | Android SDK/platform tools and Java prerequisites; use the current driver guide for required environment setup | Native, hybrid, and web |
| iOS, iPadOS, tvOS | XCUITest | macOS host; follow the XCUITest driver guide for current Apple tooling prerequisites | Native, hybrid, and web |
These targets and modes are listed in the Appium driver catalog. For iOS, the official quickstart explicitly contrasts the macOS requirement with its Android example; consult the catalog’s XCUITest links for driver-specific setup.
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Install Appium and prepare your platform
1. Choose Android or iOS first
For Android, you can run automation from a supported development host after setting up the Android SDK and Java requirements. For iOS-family automation, use macOS and the Apple tooling specified by the XCUITest documentation. Do not apply Android environment instructions to iOS or assume an Android driver can control an iPhone.
2. Install the server
Install the current Appium release using its official installation instructions, then check the CLI reference if an option or command differs in your installed version. The current CLI documentation covers server and command-line use. This avoids relying on older Appium 2-era instructions for version-sensitive install details.
3. Install platform development tools
For Android, install Android Studio or otherwise install the Android SDK components and platform tools required by UiAutomator2. The current driver quickstart recommends Android Studio as a convenient SDK manager and describes the Java and environment prerequisites. Configure the paths described there so the Appium process can find the SDK and Java tools. For iOS, use the current XCUITest prerequisites rather than guessing at tool or version requirements.
The exact supported versions and environment variables are driver-specific and can change. Use the current UiAutomator2 quickstart for Android setup and the linked XCUITest guide from the driver catalog for iOS.
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Install the driver and validate the setup
Android: UiAutomator2
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Install the Android driver from the command line:
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Run its environment check:
appium driver doctor uiautomator2. Address any required fixes it reports; optional suggestions may remain depending on your setup. -
Start or restart the Appium server after installing the driver. The server must load the installed extension.
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Check the server’s startup output and confirm UiAutomator2 appears among the available drivers.
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These commands and validation steps are documented in the UiAutomator2 quickstart and the extension CLI reference. A clean doctor run means there are no required fixes; it does not guarantee every device, app, or test will work.
iOS: XCUITest
Install XCUITest using the current guide linked from Appium’s driver catalog, satisfy its macOS and Apple-tooling requirements, then run the checks its guide provides. The Android doctor command above is specific to UiAutomator2; do not substitute it for an iOS driver check.
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Run a first client test
Once the server and driver are ready, use the Appium client quickstart for your preferred programming language to create a session and issue a small command. The client test must identify the platform and the intended automation driver in its session capabilities. For UiAutomator2, the driver’s automation name is UiAutomator2; use the platform and app/device capabilities required by the sample for your target. The UiAutomator2 quickstart links to language-specific examples and current capability details.
Begin with a minimal test against an emulator or a connected device, then add app-specific selectors and assertions. A physical Android phone can be a test target, but an emulator avoids buying hardware and is often enough to verify that the setup, session creation, and basic interactions work. Follow the chosen driver’s instructions for preparing and connecting either target.
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The server starts, but the driver is missing. Installing Appium does not install a platform driver. Install the driver for the target, restart the server, and confirm it appears in startup output.
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The doctor reports SDK or Java problems. Install the Android SDK/platform tools or Java prerequisite it identifies, then correct the environment paths according to the current UiAutomator2 quickstart and run the doctor again.
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The driver was just installed, but the server still cannot use it. Stop and restart the server so it loads the new extension; recheck the available-driver list.
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The session cannot find a matching automation driver. Check that the test capabilities name the intended platform and driver. For Android UiAutomator2, use
UiAutomator2as the automation name; for iOS, configure XCUITest instead.Crashes, No Sound, or Screen Glitches?
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You are trying to automate iOS from a non-macOS host. The official iOS quickstart requires macOS. Move the iOS setup to a Mac and follow XCUITest’s current prerequisites.
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A doctor check passes but the test still fails. The doctor checks setup prerequisites, not every app, device, capability, or test selector. Inspect the server and client error details, then compare the setup with the current driver guide and language quickstart.
For command syntax and extension behavior, consult the extension CLI documentation and the relevant driver quickstart.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can Appium automate both native and web-based mobile apps?
Yes. UiAutomator2 and XCUITest list native, hybrid, and web modes in Appium’s driver catalog, though setup and capabilities depend on the chosen driver and app.
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No. An emulator can serve as a test target; a physical device is another option when you need to exercise that hardware.
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