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To diagnose a Paging 3 failure, identify the failed operation—REFRESH, APPEND, or PREPEND—and whether it belongs to the PagingSource or RemoteMediator. Then return the appropriate error result and render the matching load state. That distinction helps explain why a refresh screen, a footer, or cached rows may behave differently.
Start with the failed load and its owner
Paging failures are not one global error state. A CombinedLoadStates object exposes signals by load type and separates source loading from mediator loading. Inspect the state that matches the operation and component before changing error handling or UI.
| Failure context | What to inspect | Expected error handling |
|---|---|---|
Direct network load in PagingSource |
The request exception and the result returned from load. |
Return LoadResult.Error for a failed load. Android documentation examples include IOException and non-success HTTP HttpException. |
| Refresh | The refresh state, then whether it belongs to source or mediator. |
Show a refresh-appropriate loading or error state; keep source and remote synchronization signals distinct when relevant. |
| Append or prepend | The corresponding load-type state and the placement of recovery UI. | Handle the failure as an append or prepend issue, rather than presenting it as a refresh failure. |
| Remote request with local database storage | The network call, mediator result, database write, and source invalidation. | Return MediatorResult.Error when the remote request fails. Successful writes should flow through updated source data. |
| Repeated or incorrect next-page request | Remote-key persistence, the current paging state, and the backend pagination contract. | Check key selection and whether queued work used stale state around a refresh; the right key strategy depends on how the backend paginates. |
| Paging 2 migration | Replaced source, pager, adapter, and boundary-callback APIs, plus custom error handling. | Map components to Paging 3 APIs and review error behavior rather than assuming older wiring transfers unchanged. |
| Regression testing | Source and mediator results, plus database effects. | Assert error results at each boundary and cover database side effects in integration tests. |
Return the error from the component that failed
Direct loading with PagingSource
When PagingSource.load performs the request, catch expected request failures and return LoadResult.Error. Android’s documentation describes reporting loading errors this way and gives IO and HTTP exceptions as examples: Paging data.
Remote loading with RemoteMediator
In a network-and-database design, RemoteMediator fetches remote data and stores it locally; the UI reads the database-backed source. If the request fails, return MediatorResult.Error. On success, write the fetched data so the local source can expose it; Room can invalidate its PagingSource automatically when the database changes. Follow the mediator’s remote-key and load-state guidance in the network and database guide.
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Show the state that matches the user’s next action
Views
For a PagingDataAdapter, observe loadStateFlow or register a load-state listener. Use the operation’s state to decide whether to show initial loading, a refresh error, or an append/prepend recovery control. Android documents both approaches in its load-state guide.
Compose and cached content
Compose can inspect source and mediator states independently. That matters when database-backed rows remain visible while the mediator is synchronizing with the network: a remote refresh failure need not be represented as though the local source has no content. Choose UI feedback based on which component failed and whether usable rows are already displayed; see the Android load-state guide.
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Investigate wrong or repeated pages through keys and refresh ordering
If pages repeat, skip, or stall, inspect how remote keys are stored and selected, and compare that logic with the backend’s pagination contract. Also check whether queued append or prepend work is operating on stale state after a refresh. Paging’s network/database guidance discusses remote keys and mediator behavior: RemoteMediator with network and database. The symptom alone does not identify which key or race is responsible.
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Migrate error handling when moving from Paging 2
Paging 3 uses different component APIs, so revisit custom failure wiring during migration. The migration maps older data-source patterns to PagingSource, Pager, and PagingDataAdapter, with RemoteMediator where appropriate. Migration is not an automatic fix for application-specific bugs. Follow the Paging 3 migration guide and verify that each failure still reaches the correct state and UI.
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Test the failure boundary and its effects
- Test PagingSource: simulate a failed load and assert that
loadreturnsLoadResult.Error. - Test RemoteMediator: simulate a failed remote request and assert
MediatorResult.Error. - Test persistence behavior: use integration coverage to verify database writes and their effects on the paging source.
Android’s Paging testing guide covers testing sources and mediators, including integration tests for database effects.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Check the library version separately from the failure diagnosis
The Android Developers overview search result surfaced Paging version 3.4.2. Version details can change; consult the official Paging overview for current information. The failure-handling behavior described here is not a claim about a version-specific fix.
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