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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchFor ordinary SSH connections, allow TCP to the server’s SSH listening port—TCP port 22 by default. The client initiates the connection, so the usual rule is outbound TCP from the client and inbound TCP to the server, subject to your network’s firewall policies. Do not open UDP 22 for OpenSSH merely because a port registry lists SSH on UDP; that entry alone does not mean the implementation uses UDP.
Does SSH use TCP or UDP?
Conventional SSH, including OpenSSH, uses TCP. RFC 4253 describes the SSH transport as typically running on TCP/IP and says that, when used over TCP/IP, the server normally listens on port 22. Its transport layer requires a binary-transparent connection; TCP/IP is the typical transport described by the standard.
The IANA Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry lists an ssh service entry on port 22 for both TCP and UDP. A registry assignment identifies a service name and port association; by itself, it is not proof that a particular SSH implementation communicates over both transports. For ordinary OpenSSH firewall configuration, use TCP. Allow another transport only if the documentation for the specific implementation or deployment calls for it.
Which firewall rule should I allow?
For a client connecting directly to an SSH server, allow a TCP connection from the client to the server’s configured SSH port. In a typical stateful firewall setup, this means permitting the client’s outbound TCP connection and the server’s inbound TCP traffic on that port. The precise rules depend on where enforcement occurs—such as a host firewall, network firewall, or cloud security group—and how connection tracking and network policy are configured.
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- Protocol: TCP for ordinary SSH.
- Destination port: TCP 22 by default, or the server’s configured SSH port.
- Source and destination scope: Limit access to the client addresses and server hosts required by your environment. The standards and OpenSSH manuals do not prescribe universal address ranges.
- Direction: Consider each connection leg and the policy at each firewall; do not assume one universal rule covers every network layout.
A firewall rule permits network traffic; it does not authenticate a user or grant authorization on the server.
Is TCP port 22 always the right port?
Port 22 is the normal default, not a guarantee that every server uses it. RFC 4253 identifies 22 as the normal listening port for SSH over TCP/IP. The current OpenBSD OpenSSH client manual, ssh_config(5), documents 22 as the client’s default port, and its server manual, sshd_config(5), documents 22 as the server listen-port default.
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Administrators can configure a different server port. Check the server’s actual sshd configuration and match the firewall rule to its listening port; changing the port does not change the transport for ordinary SSH. OpenSSH’s Port setting can be specified more than once, so account for every configured listening port when reviewing access.
What if the connection goes through a jump host?
With OpenSSH’s ProxyJump, the client connects to an intermediary SSH host, which provides a forwarded TCP connection to the final destination. Treat these as separate connection legs: the client must be able to reach the jump host’s SSH port, and the jump host must be able to reach the destination on the port used there. The required firewall rules depend on which systems and network boundaries are involved.
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OpenSSH documents ProxyJump in its ssh_config(5) manual. If the final server listens on a non-default port, account for that port on the onward path rather than assuming the jump host uses the same port.
Why not open UDP 22?
For standard OpenSSH SSH, opening UDP 22 is unnecessary: the ordinary SSH transport uses TCP. The IANA registry’s UDP entry does not override the protocol behavior documented in RFC 4253 or establish that OpenSSH uses UDP. If a different SSH-related product or specialized deployment requires UDP, follow that implementation’s documentation instead of inferring a requirement from the registry.
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How to check the rule before applying it
- Identify the connection path. Determine which client connects to which SSH server, and whether a jump host is involved.
- Confirm the listening port. Check the server’s effective
sshdconfiguration rather than assuming it uses port 22. - Set the transport and destination. For ordinary SSH, configure TCP to the relevant listening port.
- Apply least-needed scope. Permit only the necessary source addresses, destination hosts, and connection legs under your organization’s policy.
- Check each enforcement point. Review relevant host firewalls, network firewalls, and cloud security rules; a permission at one layer does not guarantee that another layer permits the connection.
RFC 4253 is the standards reference for SSH’s typical TCP/IP transport and normal port 22: RFC Editor, RFC 4253 (January 2006). The IANA registry is available at Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry; its entries should be read as registry data, not a substitute for implementation documentation.
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