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An ESRB rating gives you three different kinds of information: an age-appropriateness suggestion, descriptors naming content that may have contributed to the rating or may matter to your family, and notices about certain online or purchase features. Read all three together. The label is a useful starting point, not a complete inventory of a game or a guarantee that it is right for every child.

What do the letters on a video game rating mean?

The ESRB rating category suggests an age range based on the game’s content. It does not certify that a game is designed for every player in that age group, or that every child will be ready for it.

Category What it indicates
E — Everyone Content generally suitable for everyone.
E10+ — Everyone 10+ Content generally suitable for ages 10 and older.
T — Teen Content generally suitable for ages 13 and older.
M — Mature 17+ Content generally suitable for ages 17 and older.
AO — Adults Only 18+ Content suitable only for adults 18 and older.
RP — Rating Pending A final rating has not yet been assigned. Some pre-release advertising may use “Rating Pending — Likely Mature 17+.”

These are ESRB categories, not a universal age-rating system used in every country. For the category definitions, see ESRB’s ratings guide.

What do ESRB content descriptors tell you?

Descriptors identify content that may have contributed to a category or may be of interest or concern to a family. Examples include violence, language, sexual material, substances, and gambling. A descriptor is interpreted relative to the game’s category; it is not a stand-alone measure of how much content appears.

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Descriptors are not a complete content list. The absence of a particular descriptor does not prove that the game contains none of that material. Use the listed terms to identify what to investigate, not as an exhaustive scene-by-scene account.

What does “Users Interact” mean?

Interactive-element notices flag certain features but do not change the age rating. ESRB notices include In-Game Purchases, In-Game Purchases (Includes Random Items), Users Interact, Shares Location, and Unrestricted Internet. They point to issues such as spending, contact with other users, location privacy, or internet access.

For example, “Users Interact” alerts you to interaction with other users; it does not describe the tone of those interactions or guarantee that all communication is moderated. Treat the notice as a prompt to check the game’s settings and decide what supervision or limits make sense for your household. See ESRB’s explanation of ratings and interactive elements.

How to check a specific game before playing or buying

  1. Find the rating information. Check the game’s packaging, digital storefront, or ESRB title database or app.
  2. Read the category, every descriptor, and every interactive-element notice. Each answers a different question; do not rely on the category alone.
  3. Look for a Rating Summary. When available, a summary provides more detail about the content and its context. ESRB says these are available for many physical games; digital games rated through IARC do not have ESRB Rating Summaries.
  4. Consider the player and the household. A category does not tell you whether the game’s complexity, challenge, themes, or online features suit a particular child. Gameplay videos, reviews, familiar genres or brands, or trying the game can provide additional context.
  5. Set boundaries where needed. Parents can use household rules and device parental controls to limit play time, block games by rating, or manage spending.

How does ESRB assign ratings?

ESRB describes different processes for physical and digital games. For physical games, publishers submit a questionnaire and gameplay video that includes typical and extreme content. At least three trained raters review the video and recommend a category, descriptors, and interactive elements. ESRB confirms the recommendation and finalizes a Rating Summary; it may also play-test a released game to check whether content disclosures were complete.

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Digital games use the IARC questionnaire process. ESRB says digital ratings can be monitored, checked after release, and adjusted when needed. In most cases, a base-game rating also applies to downloadable content (DLC); if DLC contains material exceeding the core game’s rating, it may need a separate submission and a different rating. Details are available on ESRB’s rating process page.

What an ESRB rating cannot tell you

  • It is not a complete content inventory. Descriptors identify relevant content but are not intended to list everything in a game.
  • It is not an individual readiness assessment. The category suggests age appropriateness; it cannot account for a child’s maturity, sensitivities, interests, or experience.
  • It does not make two games with the same category equivalent. Their descriptors, content context, and online or purchase features may differ.
  • It does not describe every practical aspect of play. Complexity, difficulty, and whether a family likes the experience call for other information, such as a Rating Summary or gameplay footage.
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How widely are ESRB ratings used?

ESRB says its system was founded in 1994, Rating Summaries were introduced in 2008, and Interactive Elements in 2013. In 2024, 65% of ESRB ratings assigned to physical and console downloadable video games were E or E10+. ESRB also reported that, according to Hart Research Associates in 2025, 83% of parents with children who play video games were aware of ESRB ratings and 77% of parents whose children play regularly checked ratings before buying a game. Those figures describe the populations and periods stated, not a guarantee that every game or storefront uses the system. See ESRB’s reporting and updates.

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