tRPC lets a TypeScript server and TypeScript client share an API contract inferred from the server’s code. You define procedures in a server router, export the router’s type, and use that type to get a typed client API and editor support—without generating a separate client schema. The types help catch mistakes during development; they do not validate arbitrary incoming data or replace authentication and authorization.
How tRPC works
In tRPC, the server defines the API in TypeScript. A router groups procedures—the operations clients can call, commonly queries for reading data and mutations for changing it. The server exports the router’s type, and client code uses that type to infer which procedures exist and what inputs and outputs they accept. See the official v11 router documentation.
- Define the server API: initialize tRPC for the application and create a router containing procedures.
- Export its type: expose the router type, often named
AppRouter, for client-side type checking. - Connect a client: configure a tRPC client and link to the server endpoint, or use the React integration.
- Call procedures: use a typed client method for the relevant query or mutation.
The client needs access to the router’s type, not the server’s runtime implementation. That distinction makes the approach useful in a shared TypeScript codebase: server definitions inform client tooling without requiring the client to import server code.
What the shared types do—and do not do
The inferred contract gives developers compile-time checks and editor support across the client/server boundary. For example, a client can get type feedback when it calls a procedure with an input that does not match the server definition. These checks depend on TypeScript code and do not inspect or guarantee the shape of every value arriving over the network.
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- Validate request data at runtime. Treat network input as untrusted and validate it on the server before relying on it.
- Enforce access rules. A value being correctly typed does not establish that the caller is permitted to use a procedure or access a particular record.
- Verify credentials. Authentication requires application logic that checks credentials; TypeScript types alone cannot authenticate a request.
Choose a client style
The main choice is how the TypeScript application wants to make calls. The official documentation describes both React Query integration and a framework-neutral vanilla client.
| Client approach | What it provides | Setup considerations |
|---|---|---|
| React Query integration | React hooks derived from the router type, connected to TanStack Query. | Install @trpc/server, @trpc/client, @trpc/react-query, and @tanstack/react-query. Configure a tRPC client and providers; reuse an existing QueryClient if the application already uses React Query. See React Query integration setup. |
| Vanilla client | A typed client usable without the React hooks integration. | Create it with createTRPCClient<AppRouter>, configure a link to the API endpoint, then call procedures with .query() or .mutate(). See vanilla client setup. |
Connect the client with links
A tRPC client link configures how requests and responses flow between the client and API. Links can be composed, with each link handling a focused task such as logging. The React setup documentation demonstrates configuring an endpoint with httpBatchLink and supplying headers through a callback. These are configuration options, not a universal deployment prescription: the available documentation does not establish comparative performance results or a best transport for every application. See the links overview.
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Use context and middleware for request-level concerns
Context is request-scoped data made available to procedures. It is commonly used to carry information derived from a request, such as a user identity. The context documentation says createContext() runs once per request; procedures in the same batched request share that context. See tRPC context.
Middleware can centralize checks that procedures need. In the documented authorization pattern, middleware rejects a request without a user by throwing an UNAUTHORIZED error, while successful checks can narrow the user type for downstream procedures. This pattern does not define your application’s credential verification or authorization policy; implement those explicitly. See the authorization guide.
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When tRPC fits
tRPC is aimed at projects where both the API server and client use TypeScript and the team wants a contract inferred from server code rather than a separately generated client contract. Within that setting, choose the React integration when hooks and TanStack Query suit the frontend, or the vanilla client when a framework-neutral typed client is preferable.
If the API must serve independently developed clients, including clients written in other languages, consider whether a TypeScript-inferred contract meets that boundary’s needs. The official project materials establish tRPC’s TypeScript-first positioning, but do not provide a full comparison with REST, GraphQL, or other RPC systems. Evaluate those alternatives against the interoperability and contract requirements of your own project. See the tRPC project overview.
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