GitHub Copilot-backed modernization offers separate assisted upgrade workflows for Java and .NET projects. They can assess a codebase, produce an upgrade plan, apply changes, and support build or other validation—but the setup, supported scenarios, and tools differ by language. Treat generated changes as proposals to review, not as a guarantee that an upgrade will succeed.
What Copilot-backed modernization does
The Java and .NET workflows use project context to identify upgrade work, organize it into steps, and help make code or configuration changes. For Java, GitHub describes an assessment of outdated frameworks, deprecated APIs, and blockers, followed by a versioned plan, code and build-file changes, build-error remediation, and an upgrade report. GitHub’s project-upgrade guide recommends reviewing the plan and generated diffs and examining unresolved issues.
Microsoft describes the .NET upgrade agent as assessing project structure, dependencies, code patterns, breaking changes, and compatibility, then producing a strategy, detailed plan, and sequential tasks with validation criteria. The generated Markdown artifacts can be reviewed and edited before execution continues. Microsoft’s .NET upgrade overview covers this broader workflow.
Java: supported upgrade scenarios and setup
Microsoft’s Java quickstart, dated June 18, 2026, documents upgrade scenarios that include:
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- JDK upgrades to 11, 17, 21, or 25.
- Spring Boot upgrades up to 4.0 and Spring Framework upgrades up to 7.x.
- Migration from Java EE to Jakarta EE, up to Jakarta EE 11.
- Azure SDK for Java, JUnit, and third-party dependency upgrades to a specified version.
These are documented targets, not a promise that every codebase or dependency combination will upgrade cleanly. The quickstart requires a Git-managed Maven or Gradle project and both the source and target JDKs installed. Maven projects also need access to Maven Central. Its documented environments include VS Code, IntelliJ IDEA, and Copilot CLI. See the Java modernization quickstart for the setup and workflow.
Requirements depend on which instructions you follow. GitHub’s separate project-upgrade guide describes a VS Code path requiring a paid Copilot plan, Git, Maven or Gradle, and both JDK versions. Microsoft’s quickstart lists Copilot Free Tier, Pro, Pro+, Business, and Enterprise. Because these documents describe different paths, check current account entitlements and the requirements for your chosen environment rather than assuming one plan rule applies to every setup.
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.NET: project coverage, environments, and upgrade strategy
Microsoft lists support across a range of .NET project types, including ASP.NET Core technologies, Web Forms, Blazor, Azure Functions, WPF, Windows Forms, WinUI, .NET MAUI and Xamarin, class libraries, console apps, and MSTest, NUnit, and xUnit test projects. Coverage of a project type does not mean every project-specific dependency or migration is automatically handled.
The July 7, 2026 .NET overview describes the agent in Visual Studio, VS Code, Copilot CLI, and GitHub.com. This is broader than the setup directions in GitHub’s project-upgrade guide, which specifies Visual Studio 2022 Enterprise, Professional, or Community and a paid Copilot plan for its .NET instructions. Do not assume every feature or project type is available in every environment.
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Microsoft describes three approaches for sequencing a solution upgrade:
- Bottom-up: Start with foundational projects and work through dependency layers. This suits large solutions with deep dependency graphs.
- Top-down: Start with the main application for quicker feedback on its upgrade path.
- All-at-once: Upgrade projects together when the solution is smaller and simpler.
For Azure migrations involving services such as databases, storage, identity, messaging, or deployment, Microsoft points to a separate Copilot modernization agent rather than treating those tasks as ordinary .NET version upgrades.
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How to use the workflows without treating generated changes as final
Assisted upgrades can still leave build failures, behavior changes, or unresolved compatibility issues. GitHub recommends starting the Java process with a project that builds, reviewing and customizing its plan, inspecting generated changes, and evaluating issues that remain. For .NET, use the stage artifacts and validation criteria to check each step. GitHub’s technical-debt guidance also says human review remains necessary for cloud-agent output.
- Choose the workflow for the project. Confirm the language, framework, project type, source and target versions, and available IDE or CLI path. Java and .NET have separate instructions and prerequisites.
- Establish a working baseline. For Java, GitHub recommends starting with a project that builds. Record the build and test results you will use to judge the upgrade.
- Review the plan before execution. Check proposed versions, affected files, sequencing, and validation steps. Edit the plan or artifacts where they do not fit the project.
- Inspect changes and run validation. Review code and build-file diffs, run builds and tests, and examine the reports and any issues left unresolved. Where relevant, check security findings and application behavior.
- Decide whether the result is ready to merge. A clean build is useful evidence, but it does not by itself establish that behavior, compatibility, or security is correct. Resolve or explicitly assess outstanding issues before approval.
How to choose between the Java and .NET paths
| Consideration | Java workflow | .NET workflow |
|---|---|---|
| Project prerequisites | Git-managed Maven or Gradle project; source and target JDKs installed; Maven Central access for Maven projects. (Microsoft Java quickstart) | Microsoft lists many .NET project types; setup depends on the environment and instructions used. (Microsoft .NET overview; GitHub project-upgrade guide) |
| Documented environments | VS Code, IntelliJ IDEA, and Copilot CLI in Microsoft’s quickstart; GitHub’s guide gives a VS Code path. | Visual Studio, VS Code, Copilot CLI, and GitHub.com in Microsoft’s overview; GitHub’s guide specifies Visual Studio 2022 editions for its instructions. |
| Typical scope | JDK, Spring, Java EE to Jakarta EE, and selected SDK, test, or third-party dependency upgrades. | Application and library upgrades spanning many project types, with strategy choices for solution structure. |
| Review evidence | Plan, affected code locations, diffs, build results, and upgrade report. | Assessment and planning artifacts, sequential tasks, and validation criteria. |
Choose based on the actual project and migration goal, not on an assumption that the two agents share one set of requirements. A framework upgrade, a JDK or .NET target change, and a cloud migration can involve different tooling and validation.
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What the documented capabilities do not establish
The cited documentation explains workflows and supported scenarios, but it does not provide a general success rate, guaranteed completion, or measured time or cost savings. Results depend on the project, dependency compatibility, chosen target, and the quality of review and validation. No universal performance claim should be inferred from the availability of an agent.
GitHub’s Copilot modernization agent repository includes CLI examples for Java upgrades, Azure migration, security remediation, and rearchitecture; those examples describe capabilities, not independent performance evaluations.
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