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Python 3.7 introduced data classes, context variables, the breakpoint() built-in, package-resource APIs and several language and runtime changes. It was released on June 27, 2018; it is not the latest Python release today. Python 3.7 reached end of life on June 27, 2023, so it no longer receives support.

What Python 3.7 added at a glance

Python’s official release overview describes its scope as “This article explains the new features in Python 3.7, compared to 3.6.” The changes fall into four practical groups: language and data-model guarantees, standard-library additions, runtime and encoding behavior, and compatibility concerns for existing code. See the official Python 3.7 release overview for the full feature list and porting notes.

Language and data model

  • Dictionary insertion order became an official language-specification guarantee.
  • async and await became reserved keywords.
  • Modules could opt into postponed annotation evaluation with a future import.

Standard library and debugging

  • dataclasses generates common methods from annotated class fields.
  • contextvars provides context-local state intended to work correctly with asynchronous code.
  • importlib.resources provides APIs for reading package resources, including resources that are not ordinary files on disk.
  • The built-in breakpoint() provides a convenient entry point for debugging.

Runtime and encoding

  • Locale coercion and UTF-8 mode options can reduce dependence on ASCII defaults in certain environments.
  • Development mode enables additional runtime checks.

Language changes and data-model guarantees

Dictionary order is guaranteed by the language specification

In Python 3.7, preserving dictionary insertion order became part of the language specification. Code can rely on iteration following insertion order when running Python 3.7 or later. This formalized the behavior for the language; it was not the first time every Python implementation had produced ordered dictionaries. See the release overview for the documented change.

Postponed annotation evaluation is opt-in

Python 3.7 introduced the option to postpone evaluation of annotations by placing from __future__ import annotations in a module. This can help with forward references and avoid evaluating annotation expressions when definitions are created. It is an opt-in feature in Python 3.7: annotations were not automatically turned into strings for every module. The official PEP 563 notes explain the behavior.

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async and await are reserved keywords

Python 3.7 reserved async and await as keywords. Legacy code that used either word as an identifier may therefore need changes before it can run on 3.7. The release also made PEP 479 behavior apply to all code: a StopIteration that escapes directly or indirectly from a generator or coroutine is transformed into RuntimeError. Python 3.7 also changed what asynchronous iterator protocol implementations may return. Consult the official porting notes when upgrading older projects.

New standard-library tools

dataclasses reduces boilerplate for data-holding classes

The new dataclasses module added the @dataclass decorator. It uses class variable annotations to identify fields and can generate a constructor and common methods, including representation and equality. It is useful when a class mainly stores values and would otherwise need repetitive method definitions. It does not remove the need to define custom behavior where a class has requirements beyond the generated methods. The Python 3.7 PEP 557 notes describe the feature.

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contextvars supports context-local state in asynchronous code

The contextvars module provides context variables for state that should be local to an execution context. They are similar in purpose to thread-local values, but designed to behave correctly when asynchronous tasks share threads. Python’s asyncio and decimal modules were updated to use or support context variables. See the official PEP 567 notes.

importlib.resources reads resources bundled with packages

The new importlib.resources APIs let code access package data without assuming that the resource is a conventional file on disk. That distinction matters for packages loaded from archives or other import mechanisms. The release overview documents the addition in its standard-library changes.

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breakpoint() makes debugger entry convenient

Calling the new built-in breakpoint() invokes sys.breakpointhook(). By default, that hook enters pdb.set_trace(); the hook can be customized. Setting PYTHONBREAKPOINT=0 disables the built-in breakpoint behavior. See the official PEP 553 notes for details.

Encoding and runtime behavior

Locale coercion and UTF-8 mode

Python 3.7 added two related mechanisms to make text handling less dependent on legacy ASCII defaults in certain environments. PEP 538 attempts to coerce the legacy C locale to a UTF-8 locale. PEP 540 adds a UTF-8 mode that can be enabled with -X utf8 or the PYTHONUTF8 environment variable. The documentation notes limitations involving extension modules and child processes, so these options should not be treated as a universal fix for every encoding mismatch. The PEP 538 and PEP 540 notes cover the details.

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Development mode enables additional checks

Python 3.7 added a development mode that turns on additional runtime checks. It is intended to help expose issues during development rather than change the meaning of ordinary production execution. The release overview lists the mode among the runtime changes.

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Selected changes in Python 3.7 maintenance releases

The 3.7 “What’s New” page also records selected changes from later maintenance releases; this is not a complete micro-release changelog. Examples include changes to asyncio datagram endpoint behavior in 3.7.6, query-parameter separator behavior in urllib.parse in 3.7.10, FTP passive-channel handling and URL-parser newline/tab stripping in 3.7.11, and an integer-to-string conversion length limit documented under 3.7.14. The last change is linked to mitigation of CVE-2020-10735 and documents a default limit of 4,300 digits. These notes are relevant when diagnosing differences between 3.7 patch releases; refer to the relevant sections of the official release overview.

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Should you use Python 3.7 now?

No, not for a new deployment that needs a supported Python version. The Python Developer’s Guide lists 3.7 as end of life effective June 27, 2023; at end of life, support ends and the release cycle is frozen. Choose a currently supported Python version compatible with your project’s dependencies instead. Python 3.7 may still matter when maintaining an existing legacy application, but its historical features do not make it a supported choice today. Check the Python Developer’s Guide version status before selecting a version.

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