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Choose server or client fetching
| Approach | Use it when | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Server Component | Data can be fetched during server rendering and does not require browser interaction. | Keeps database queries and credentials on the server, can reduce client JavaScript, and supports streaming. Pages and layouts use this approach by default. |
| Client Component | Fetching depends on interaction, effects, browser-only APIs, or client state. | Mark the module with 'use client'. Its imports and descendants become part of the client module graph, so keep the boundary focused. |
| Server-started promise read on the client | You want to start work on the server but render the result in a client component. | Pass the promise to a Client Component and read it with React’s use API inside a Suspense boundary. |
These are App Router patterns in the Next.js documentation current as of October 4, 2026. See the Server and Client Components guide and Fetching Data guide.
Fetch data in a Server Component
Make the component asynchronous, await the request, parse its response, and render the result. Handle errors and validate the response according to your API’s contract; the example below keeps those application-specific details brief.
export default async function Page() {
const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/items')
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error('Failed to fetch items')
}
const items = await response.json()
return <ItemList items={items} />
}Identical fetch requests in a React component tree are memoized by default, according to the current Next.js fetching guide. For database or ORM access, query directly from the Server Component rather than routing through an unnecessary API endpoint:
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export default async function Page() {
const items = await db.item.findMany()
return <ItemList items={items} />
}Server-side execution keeps the ORM client and query code out of the browser bundle. It does not remove the need to enforce authentication and authorization for every protected query.
Fetch data in a Client Component
Use a client-side request when it needs to respond to a user action, browser state, an effect, or a client data hook. Put the directive at the top of the module that establishes the boundary:
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'use client'
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
export function ItemSearch() {
const [items, setItems] = useState([])
useEffect(() => {
fetch('/api/items')
.then((response) => {
if (!response.ok) throw new Error('Request failed')
return response.json()
})
.then(setItems)
.catch((error) => {
// Show or report the error in the UI.
})
}, [])
return <ItemList items={items} />
}This illustrates the boundary and request location; production code should provide a visible loading and error state and avoid fetching on mount if the data can be rendered on the server. The Next.js guide also demonstrates SWR and identifies React Query as another client-data option. Those libraries have their own cache and streaming behavior; their semantics are not the same as Next.js server fetch.
Stream a server-started promise to a Client Component
When a client component needs the data but the server can start the request, pass the unresolved promise across the boundary and read it with React’s use under Suspense.
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import { Suspense } from 'react'
import ClientItemList from './client-item-list'
export default function Page() {
const itemsPromise = getItems()
return (
<Suspense fallback={<p>Loading items…</p>}>
<ClientItemList itemsPromise={itemsPromise} />
</Suspense>
)
}'use client'
import { use } from 'react'
export default function ClientItemList({ itemsPromise }) {
const items = use(itemsPromise)
return <ItemList items={items} />
}The Suspense fallback appears while the promise is pending. This pattern is documented in Next.js’s Fetching Data guide; ensure the value passed across the boundary is suitable for that component and handle failures through your app’s error-boundary strategy.
Run independent requests in parallel
Start requests before awaiting them if neither depends on the other’s result. Promise.all returns the combined results, but rejects as soon as one input promise rejects.
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const productsPromise = getProducts()
const categoriesPromise = getCategories()
const [products, categories] = await Promise.all([
productsPromise,
categoriesPromise,
])If the page should retain successful results when another request fails, use Promise.allSettled and handle each outcome. If one request needs an identifier returned by another, that dependency makes the requests sequential.
Choose caching and freshness deliberately
Do not assume one caching default applies to every Next.js project. The current fetching guide says fetch requests are not cached by default, while the fetch reference documents explicit cache controls and auto no cache behavior that can differ during build-time prerendering. Check the project’s Next.js version and whether cacheComponents is enabled before choosing a strategy. The fetch API reference and previous caching model guide describe the relevant modes.
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| Option | Effect | Use or caveat |
|---|---|---|
cache: 'no-store' |
Fetches from the remote source on every request. | Choose when each request needs current source data. |
cache: 'force-cache' |
Uses Next.js’s Data Cache, re-fetching when there is no fresh match. | Choose when cached data is appropriate. |
next: { revalidate: seconds } |
Sets a resource’s cache lifetime in seconds; the reference also documents false and 0. |
Use a lifetime appropriate to how quickly the source changes. |
next: { tags: [...] } |
Associates tags with cached data for later on-demand revalidation. | Useful when updates should invalidate related data by tag. |
Do not combine cache: 'no-store' with a numeric next.revalidate; the fetch reference says conflicting options are invalid. For projects using Cache Components, the separate revalidation guide describes time-based revalidation with cacheLife and on-demand invalidation with revalidateTag, updateTag, or revalidatePath. Treat these as configuration-specific APIs, not interchangeable settings.
Older advice may describe Next.js 15 defaults. The Next.js 15 fetching guide is historical context, not a universal rule for current projects. It also distinguishes fetch-response caching from whether route output can be prerendered and cached.
Show a loading state while data resolves
An uncached or slow server request can delay rendering. Use route-segment loading.js or a nearby <Suspense> boundary to stream a meaningful fallback while the data resolves. Keep the boundary close to the slow access: a loading.js in the same segment may not cover runtime or uncached work inside a layout. The current guidance is in the Fetching Data guide.
Quick Recap
A practical decision checklist
- Start with a Server Component when the result can be fetched during server rendering.
- Choose a Client Component only when the data behavior needs interaction, effects, browser APIs, or client state.
- For each request, decide how fresh the result must be and select cache settings compatible with the project’s Cache Components mode.
- Start unrelated requests together; use Suspense or
loading.jswhere slow work should not block the surrounding UI.
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