Give an AI coding agent only the project access and tools its current task needs. Keep file writes, network access, credentials, and external actions within deliberate boundaries, and require approval when an action would cross one. The protection comes from controls the host environment actually enforces—not from a permission label alone.
Start with the smallest useful scope
Before enabling a permission, identify what the task requires. Editing a local function may need repository access but no network connection or external credentials. Installing a dependency, consulting online documentation, or calling a service may require network access; that does not automatically justify broad access to the rest of your computer or account.
Use this checklist to decide what the agent can reach, what it can change, and when it must pause for your approval.
Checklist: permissions to set deliberately
1. Limit filesystem access to the project
Allow the agent to read and write the repository or task directory it needs. Restrict writes outside that workspace, and require approval before expanding the scope. Files accessible to the agent’s execution environment may also be accessible to code the agent runs. OpenAI describes writable roots for Codex in its account of its internal development tools; GitHub documents access boundaries for its agent in its Copilot coding-agent documentation. These are product examples, not universal settings.
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2. Treat network access as a separate permission
Start with network access off or limited if the task can be completed locally. If the agent needs dependencies, documentation, or an API, allow only what the host environment supports and the task requires. Filesystem restrictions do not themselves block network connections, and network restrictions do not themselves keep an agent from reading local files.
Anthropic describes filesystem and network isolation as separate controls in its Claude Code sandboxing article. VS Code documents permitted network domains as part of its sandbox model in its agent-tools documentation. Whether a setting restricts destinations or merely prompts for access depends on the product and configuration.
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3. Keep credentials out of reach unless they are needed
Code running in an agent’s environment can access credentials made available to that environment. Avoid exposing broad personal, administrator, or production credentials when a narrowly scoped credential or mediated access can do the job. If authentication is essential, limit the identity to the specific repository, service, or task, and use the environment’s supported secure storage mechanism.
OpenAI’s internal development-tools account describes secure storage for Codex CLI and MCP OAuth credentials. Its agent sandbox guidance explains the broader boundary: generated code can access the files, credentials, and network available to its executor.
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4. Expose only the tools the task requires
Tools determine what an agent can do beyond reading or editing files. Enable only those needed for the task, and inspect both the tool and its parameters when an approval prompt appears. A familiar tool name does not make every invocation safe: the target, arguments, and resulting side effects matter. Microsoft’s VS Code agent-tools documentation describes parameter review and approval scopes.
5. Put approval gates at consequential boundaries
Use approval for actions that broaden access or have effects beyond the workspace: reading or writing outside the project, enabling network access, changing permissions, or making consequential external changes. Choose the narrowest approval scope that still lets the work proceed. Product policies vary, so treat these as decision principles rather than names of settings shared by every agent.
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When evaluating an approval prompt, check what the agent is asking to do, which resources it will affect, and whether the permission lasts for one action or continues afterward. Microsoft documents multiple approval scopes and tool-input review in its agent-tools documentation.
6. Isolate unfamiliar work and separate sessions
For unfamiliar code or parallel tasks, prefer a separate workspace, worktree, container, or other enforced sandbox. Check whether it limits both filesystem access and network access; isolation that covers only one leaves the other boundary open. GitHub documents workspace isolation and permission checks for its coding agent in its Copilot documentation. Anthropic explains the relationship between the two boundaries in its Claude Code engineering article.
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7. Review the changes and activity
Inspect generated changes before merging or relying on them, and review available activity records for tool calls, approval decisions, results, and network-policy outcomes. Logs can help you understand what happened; they do not replace access restrictions or review. OpenAI describes this kind of activity review in its internal development-tools account.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How to compare permission setups
When choosing an agent or configuring its host, compare the controls that determine its actual reach. Vendor labels such as “sandbox” or “restricted” are not enough to establish what is enforced.
| What to compare | Question to answer |
|---|---|
| Filesystem scope | Which paths can the agent read, and which can it modify? |
| Enforcement mechanism | Is the boundary enforced by an operating-system sandbox or container, or only by application policy? |
| Network policy | Is network access disabled, broadly available, or limited to permitted destinations? |
| Credentials and identity | Which credentials can code in the environment use, and what can those identities access? |
| Approval granularity | Which actions trigger a prompt, and how broad or persistent is approval? |
| Isolation and auditability | Are sessions separated, and can you review actions and policy decisions afterward? |
This framework synthesizes controls described in the vendor documentation above; it is not a certification or a claim that products enforce equivalent protections.
Why sandbox labels are not enough
A sandbox helps only to the extent that its implementation and configuration constrain the environment available to the agent. Filesystem and network boundaries need to be considered together: Anthropic’s October 20, 2025 Claude Code engineering article warns that, without network isolation, a compromised agent could exfiltrate sensitive files such as SSH keys, while without filesystem isolation it could escape the sandbox and gain network access. This describes the risks those controls are intended to address, not a measured guarantee that a particular configuration eliminates them.
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