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Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →In GitHub Actions, cancel-in-progress: true tells GitHub to cancel currently running work in the same concurrency group when new work enters that group. The group determines which jobs or workflow runs can affect one another. This cancels Actions work; it does not promise to undo a deployment or other external side effect the work has already caused.
What does cancel-in-progress do?
GitHub Actions concurrency lets you define a group of jobs or workflow runs that should not all proceed independently. With cancel-in-progress: true, a new item entering a group cancels matching work that is already running. You can configure this at the workflow level or on an individual job. See GitHub’s workflow syntax reference.
The setting is not a global cancel switch. Only work that shares the configured concurrency group is in scope. Group names are case-insensitive, so changing only capitalization does not create a separate group.
How do scope and group name affect cancellation?
Workflow-level concurrency
At the workflow level, concurrency governs workflow runs as a whole. A common pattern is to use the workflow name and Git ref in the group:
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concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: trueIncluding ${{ github.workflow }} helps keep separate workflows from colliding when they run on the same ref. If multiple workflows use the same group name, a run in one workflow can cancel matching work in another.
Job-level concurrency
At the job level, concurrency applies to that job rather than making the entire workflow run the unit being managed:
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jobs:
test:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
concurrency:
group: test-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: trueUse this scope when a particular job should be canceled or held pending while other jobs in the workflow can continue.
Expressions and events
Group names can use expressions. If a context property may be undefined for an event, GitHub’s documented fallback pattern is ${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}, so the group still has a value for events without a pull-request head ref.
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cancel-in-progress can itself be an expression. For example, GitHub documents using a condition to cancel matching work on non-release branches while letting release-branch runs continue. This lets a workflow treat rapidly superseded development work differently from release work.
Why can a pending run be canceled even when active work is preserved?
Canceling active work and replacing pending work are separate concurrency behaviors. Under the default queue: single policy, a group can have one active item and at most one pending item. If another item is queued, it replaces—and cancels—the pending item already waiting, even if cancel-in-progress is not enabled.
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GitHub also supports queue: max, which allows up to 100 pending jobs or workflow runs. If the limit is reached, additional items are canceled. This policy cannot be combined with cancel-in-progress: true. These limits and policies are configuration behavior, not a performance measurement.
GitHub describes waiting order as FIFO based on when work began waiting for the concurrency group, but actual start times can vary; concurrency should not be treated as a strict dispatch-order guarantee. The details are in the concurrency documentation.
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| Configuration | Pending work | Currently running work |
|---|---|---|
Default queue: single, without active cancellation |
One pending item; a newer queued item replaces the existing pending item. | Preserved when new work arrives. |
cancel-in-progress: true with the default queue policy |
One pending item; a newer queued item replaces the existing pending item. | Matching running work is canceled when new work enters the group. |
queue: max |
Up to 100 pending items; additional items are canceled when the limit is full. | Cannot be combined with cancel-in-progress: true. |
Does cancellation undo a deployment?
No rollback is promised by the concurrency setting. GitHub documents cancellation of matching in-progress jobs or workflow runs, but does not say that canceling reverses external operations a script has already completed or initiated. That distinction follows from the documented scope: the feature controls Actions work, not the state of the external system it interacts with.
If a deployment or API operation must be reversed or safely retried, design that behavior into the application or deployment process—for example, with explicit cleanup, rollback, or idempotent operations. Do not treat cancellation itself as evidence that external changes were undone.
Does a GitHub environment create a concurrency group?
No. Environments and concurrency are separate settings. GitHub’s deployment guidance explicitly says that “concurrency” and “environment” are not connected. Using an environment does not automatically put a workflow into a matching concurrency group; configure concurrency separately when you need that behavior.
Quick Recap
Choosing a configuration
- Use workflow-level concurrency when the workflow run as a whole is the unit you want to manage.
- Use job-level concurrency when only one job should be serialized or canceled and other jobs should remain free to proceed.
- Include workflow or ref context in the group when separate workflows or branches should not cancel one another; verify the group expression for every event type that can trigger the workflow.
- Choose the pending policy deliberately: the default replaces older pending work, while
queue: maxallows a larger pending queue but cannot be combined with active cancellation. - Plan external recovery separately if cancellation could interrupt work after it has changed a remote system.
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