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To check for ToolShell exposure, first verify whether you run on-premises SharePoint Server and whether every server in the farm has the applicable security updates. Then separately investigate whether attackers may have compromised it while it was exposed: installing an update does not prove that prior access or persistence has been removed. ToolShell refers to attacks involving CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771.
First determine whether ToolShell applies to your SharePoint
Microsoft says CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771 affect on-premises SharePoint Server. SharePoint Online in Microsoft 365 is not affected by these vulnerabilities. If your organization uses both services, make this assessment for each on-premises farm rather than treating the cloud service as evidence about a separate server.
Microsoft lists SharePoint Server 2016, SharePoint Server 2019, and SharePoint Server Subscription Edition in its update guidance. If your installation is an unsupported release, Microsoft directs administrators to upgrade to a supported on-premises version. See Microsoft’s SharePoint Server security guidance.
Check the installed updates on every farm server
Record the SharePoint product generation and inspect the installed updates on every relevant server, including language-pack updates where applicable. Compare the installed state with Microsoft’s current product-specific update records; do not infer that one server’s update status represents the whole farm.
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| SharePoint release | Updates listed in Microsoft guidance |
|---|---|
| Subscription Edition | KB5002768 |
| SharePoint Server 2019 | KB5002754 and language-pack KB5002753 |
| SharePoint Server 2016 | KB5002760 and language-pack KB5002759 |
Microsoft says updates are cumulative, but specifically instructs administrators to apply both provided updates for SharePoint 2016 and 2019. Confirm the current applicability and language-pack requirements in Microsoft’s update guidance rather than relying on this list alone, since update records can change.
Do not treat a July 8, 2025 update for the earlier CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706 issues as sufficient proof of protection against CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771. Microsoft’s later comprehensive updates address the newer vulnerabilities and a security bypass. Its explanation of the relationship between the issues is in the ToolShell security blog.
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Use security tooling to identify exposure
If Microsoft Defender Vulnerability Management is available in your environment, filter for CVE-2025-53770, CVE-2025-53771, CVE-2025-49704, and CVE-2025-49706. Review affected devices, remediation status, and any evidence-of-exploitation tags. Defender External Attack Surface Management can help find internet-facing SharePoint instances. An exposure finding identifies risk or reachability; it does not, by itself, establish that an attacker succeeded.
Investigate possible compromise separately
A server may have been compromised before it was patched. The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore cautions that patching alone does not repair a compromise and advises treating internet-exposed SharePoint servers during the exploitation window as at risk. Use your incident-response process if the server was exposed or if logs, files, or security tools raise concerns. The agency’s SharePoint Server compromise guidance describes investigation and response phases.
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Review logs for suspicious requests and activity
Correlate IIS logs and SharePoint Unified Logging Service (ULS) logs with Windows Security, Application, System, PowerShell Script Block, and Sysmon logs where available. Investigate:
- POST requests to
/_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx?DisplayMode=Editwith aRefererheader of/_layouts/SignOut.aspx. - Suspicious follow-up GET requests and requests from unusual source IP addresses.
- Related activity in the server’s Windows, PowerShell, and endpoint-security records.
These are investigation leads, not standalone proof of compromise. Assess them in context and preserve relevant logs and evidence according to your incident-response procedures.
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Search for web shells and security detections
Search SharePoint server file systems, especially SharePoint TEMPLATELAYOUTS directories, for spinstall0.aspx, spinstall.aspx, spinstall1.aspx, spinstall2.aspx, and variants. Microsoft reports that observed payloads used spinstall0.aspx and variants to retrieve ASP.NET MachineKey data. Treat a discovered web shell as a serious compromise indicator: preserve evidence and involve your incident-response team.
Microsoft documents Defender detections for possible web-shell installation, suspicious .NET assembly loading by the IIS worker process, and Trojan:PowerShell/MachineKeyFinder.DA!amsi. Consult the linked indicators of compromise and hunting queries in Microsoft’s ToolShell blog. Microsoft notes that this guidance may be updated as threat intelligence develops.
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Mitigate exposure and respond to findings
For a server that is not current, follow Microsoft’s product-specific update guidance and use a supported SharePoint release. Microsoft’s recommended defenses also include enabling and correctly configuring AMSI, enabling Full Mode when HTTP Request Body scanning is available, and deploying Defender Antivirus or an equivalent solution plus EDR on SharePoint servers.
If AMSI cannot be enabled, Microsoft says to consider disconnecting the server from the Internet until the latest update is applied. If disconnecting is not possible, restrict unauthenticated access using an authenticated VPN or proxy, or an authentication gateway. After updates or AMSI enablement, Microsoft says ASP.NET machine-key rotation and an IIS restart are critical steps.
- Rotate SharePoint Server ASP.NET machine keys with
Set-SPMachineKeyor through the Central Administration Machine Key Rotation timer job. - Restart IIS on all SharePoint servers.
- If compromise is suspected, follow your organization’s incident-response plan instead of treating patching as the complete response. The Singapore CSA guide organizes response into identification, containment, remediation, and recovery, including log collection, investigation of web shells and other artifacts, EDR deployment and tuning, and removal of persistence.
Use the current Microsoft and government guidance alongside your farm’s actual build and incident evidence; response actions may need to be tailored to your environment.
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