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1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsNo single safety standard applies to every humanoid robot just because it looks human. The right standard depends on the robot’s intended use, operating environment, interaction with people, and jurisdiction. For industrial deployments, distinguish the robot itself under ISO 10218-1:2025 from its integrated application or cell under ISO 10218-2:2025. For personal-care and service robots, ISO 13482:2014 is the published edition; its proposed replacement, ISO/FDIS 13482, was still in the approval phase on October 4, 2026.
How to identify the relevant standard
Classify the deployment by what the robot does and where it works—not by its shape. A humanoid used in an industrial workplace may fall within industrial-robot standards; a robot that serves people in public or personal-care settings raises a different scope question. Medical and consumer uses can also fall outside the industrial standards described here.
- Intended use and users: Is it industrial equipment, a personal-care or service robot, a medical device, or a consumer product?
- Operating environment: Is it in a controlled industrial workplace, or can members of the public access it?
- What is being assessed: The robot itself, or the complete application and cell—including integration and operation?
- Human interaction: Does it work collaboratively with people or make physical contact with them?
- Jurisdiction and edition: Which country’s rules apply, and which edition or national adoption is current?
These questions identify standards worth assessing; they do not by themselves establish that a particular standard legally applies to a deployment.
Standards and the uses they address
| Standard | What it addresses | Scope and status |
|---|---|---|
| ISO 10218-1:2025 | Industrial robot itself | Robot design, risk reduction, and information for use. ISO treats the robot as an incomplete machine. Its stated exclusions include medical and healthcare robots, publicly accessible service robots, consumer products, and lifting or transporting people. Source: ISO, ISO 10218-1:2025. |
| ISO 10218-2:2025 | Industrial robot application or cell | Safety of industrial applications and cells, including integration, commissioning, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning. Its stated exclusions include publicly accessible service robots, consumer products, and lifting or transporting people. Source: ISO, ISO 10218-2:2025. |
| ISO/TS 15066:2016 | Collaborative industrial robot systems | Supplements ISO 10218-1 and -2 for the industrial robot systems described by those standards; it is not a general standard for non-industrial robots. ISO says the 2016 edition was reviewed and confirmed in 2022. Source: ISO, ISO/TS 15066. |
| ISO 13482:2014 | Personal-care and service robots | The published edition covers earthbound mobile servant, physical assistant, and person carrier robots, including physical human-robot contact. ISO listed it as the current published edition on October 4, 2026, with revision planned. Source: ISO, ISO 13482:2014. |
| ISO/FDIS 13482 | Proposed replacement for ISO 13482:2014 | A broader service-robot safety standard for personal and professional or commercial applications. It was in the approval phase—not yet the final published replacement—on October 4, 2026. Source: ISO, ISO/FDIS 13482. |
Does ISO 10218 apply to a humanoid robot?
It may, if the robot’s intended use falls within the industrial-robot scope. A human-like body does not settle that question. ISO 10218-1:2025 addresses the industrial robot itself; ISO 10218-2:2025 addresses the application or cell in which it is integrated. A robot assessed on its own does not establish that the complete installation is safe.
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The exclusions matter: ISO’s stated scope for these parts does not cover publicly accessible service robots or consumer products, and the cited exclusions also include lifting or transporting people. Medical and healthcare robots are explicitly excluded from Part 1. If a humanoid’s function falls into one of these categories, do not assume the industrial standard is the right route.
Are humanoid robots cobots?
No. “Humanoid” describes a form; “collaborative” describes an industrial robot system and how it is used. ISO/TS 15066:2016 supplements the ISO 10218 series for collaborative industrial robot systems. Its scope does not make it a universal standard for any robot that operates near a person, nor does it cover non-industrial robots.
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What is ISO 13482?
ISO 13482:2014 is the published ISO standard for the safety of personal-care robots in the categories it covers: earthbound mobile servant robots, physical assistant robots, and person carrier robots. Its scope includes physical contact between people and robots. The draft ISO/FDIS 13482 was not yet a published replacement on October 4, 2026; check ISO’s lifecycle status for a later update before relying on that edition.
What applies in the United States?
ANSI/A3 R15.06-2025 is the U.S. national adoption of ISO 10218-1:2025 and ISO 10218-2:2025, replacing the 2012 version. That adoption is distinct from whether a standard is an OSHA regulation.
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OSHA’s “Robotics – Standards” page states: “There are currently no specific OSHA standards for the robotics industry.” It also identifies the listed national consensus standards as not OSHA regulations. This does not mean that workplace safety duties do not exist; OSHA’s cited statement is specifically about the absence of robotics-specific OSHA standards, not an exemption from other applicable requirements.
Are robot safety standards mandatory?
Do not treat an ISO or ANSI designation alone as proof that a requirement is legally binding in every location or deployment. The answer depends on the jurisdiction and the circumstances of use. In the United States, OSHA distinguishes its regulations from the national consensus standards listed on its robotics page. Establish the applicable legal requirements for the actual deployment rather than inferring them from the robot’s appearance or a standard’s title.
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A practical way to choose what to assess
- Describe the job: Record the robot’s intended task, who uses or encounters it, and whether it lifts or transports people.
- Classify the setting: Identify whether it operates in an industrial workplace, a publicly accessible service environment, a personal-care setting, or another context.
- Separate robot from installation: For an industrial use, assess the robot-level scope of ISO 10218-1:2025 and the integrated application or cell scope of ISO 10218-2:2025 separately.
- Check collaborative scope: Consider ISO/TS 15066 only where the deployment is a collaborative industrial robot system within the ISO 10218 framework.
- Check service-robot status and jurisdiction: For personal-care or service use, compare the deployment with ISO 13482:2014 and verify whether its draft replacement has since been published. Identify national adoptions and applicable legal requirements for the country of operation.
A definitive compliance determination requires matching the robot and its actual deployment to the relevant standard’s full scope and the applicable jurisdiction’s rules. The standards’ titles alone cannot make that determination.
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