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Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Linux can run short of disk space in two different ways: the filesystem can run out of data blocks, or it can run out of inodes needed to create files. Check both with df -h and df -i, then use du and carefully scoped searches to identify what is consuming the affected filesystem before removing anything.
Check whether the problem is disk space or inode exhaustion
Block capacity and inode capacity are separate resources. A filesystem may have room for more data but no inodes left for new files; the reverse can also happen. GNU df reports the filesystem containing a path, while GNU du estimates usage by examining a directory tree. Their totals may differ because they answer different questions.
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Check block usage with
df -h. The-hoption displays sizes in human-readable units. To focus on a particular filesystem, provide a path on it, such asdf -h /var. -
Check inode usage separately with
df -i, or scope it to a path withdf -i /var. Look at the inode availability and use percentage, not just the byte-capacity columns.Outdated Drivers Are Slowing You Down
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Use the affected mount point in the next steps. Cleaning a different filesystem will not resolve the capacity problem you identified.
GNU’s df manual describes -i as reporting inode information instead of block usage. On other Unix-like platforms, options may differ; POSIX documents filesystem space and file-slot reporting, but GNU-specific options should not be assumed to exist everywhere.
Find which directories use blocks or inodes
Compare top-level directory usage
Run a shallow scan of the affected mount point. For example, if the mount is /, use:
sudo du -xhd1 /GNU du recursively estimates device usage. Here, -d1 limits the displayed depth to one directory level, -h makes sizes easier to read, and -x prevents crossing into other filesystems. Check the installed du version’s help or manual if an option is unavailable.
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For inode counts, use GNU du’s inode mode:
sudo du --inodes -x -d1 /Replace / with the actual mount point. Then repeat the scan on only the directories that look responsible—for example, sudo du -xhd1 /var—rather than repeatedly traversing the entire system.
Understand why totals may not match
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dfreports the filesystem’s overall state;duestimates usage by traversing visible directory entries. Their reported totals need not match. -
dureports allocated device usage by default. Apparent file size can differ from allocated usage, including for sparse files. -
Symbolic-link behavior matters: POSIX
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A scan limited with
-xwill not include data on nested mounts. That is useful for isolating one filesystem, but check another mount separately if it may also be full.
See the GNU du manual for the documented options and the distinction between apparent size and device usage.
Identify candidate files without deleting blindly
Once a directory is implicated, search only within that subtree for old or unusually numerous files. A search identifies candidates, not files that are safe to remove. Check each candidate’s purpose, owner, and whether a service or user still needs it before taking action.
For example, preview files larger than 1 GiB under a confirmed target directory:
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find /var/log -type f -size +1G -printChange /var/log to the relevant subtree. Treat the output as an inspection list; do not append a deletion action until you have established what each file is and that removing it is appropriate.
When passing matches from find to another command, use NUL-delimited names so filenames containing spaces, quotes, or newlines are handled correctly:
find /path/to/inspect -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -r ls -lThe GNU find manual explains why ordinary newline-delimited find | xargs processing can misparse filenames and documents the NUL-delimited approach.
Free space with a targeted cleanup
Use the result of the scan to choose what to remove
Remove or archive only data you have identified and no longer need, following the relevant application or distribution’s guidance. The right action depends on what the scan found: deleting a large file can recover blocks, while removing many small files may help when inode capacity is the problem. Do not remove system files merely because they appear large or numerous.
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Package caches, container images, application data, and filesystem-specific cleanup require different procedures. Consult the documentation for your distribution, package manager, container runtime, or application before using a cleanup command; there is no universal command established for all Linux systems and workloads.
Reduce systemd journal usage when it is a confirmed contributor
On a system that uses systemd, inspect journal usage first:
journalctl --disk-usageIf archived journals are a significant contributor and you have chosen a retention target that fits your operational needs, you can remove eligible archived files by size. For example:
sudo journalctl --vacuum-size=1G1G is an example limit, not a generally safe setting. Journal vacuuming removes eligible archived journal files, not active files, so the requested limit does not necessarily equal the total journal footprint. The journalctl manual documents vacuum options; journald.conf documents journal size and free-space controls.
Verify that the cleanup fixed the right resource
After a cleanup, recheck the affected filesystem with both commands:
df -h /path/on/filesystem
df -i /path/on/filesystemCompare the relevant block and inode figures with the values you saw before cleanup. If the exhausted resource did not improve, the files removed may not have been on the affected filesystem or may not have addressed the limiting resource. Continue diagnosis at the relevant mount point rather than deleting unrelated files.
Quick Recap
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