Chrome Headless’s command-line --screenshot captures at the requested screenshot dimensions; it does not automatically expand those dimensions to cover the whole document. --window-size=WIDTH,HEIGHT sets the requested size, not full-page capture. For one image of the full page, use browser automation such as Puppeteer’s fullPage: true, or use the DevTools Protocol with an explicit capture region and beyond-viewport capture enabled.
Why the command-line screenshot stops at the viewport
The command-line --screenshot option takes a screenshot using the requested capture dimensions. Chrome’s CLI reference documents --window-size as a way to specify those dimensions, but does not document a full-document capture switch. Chromium’s command handler passes the width and height parsed from --window-size into screenshot parameters; increasing the window height therefore makes a taller viewport, not a request to measure and capture the entire page.
Chrome’s documented wording is: “The --screenshot flag takes a screenshot of the target page and saves it as screenshot.png in the current working directory.” See the Chrome Headless command-line reference, last updated October 21, 2024, and Chromium’s Headless Chromium README.
Choose the right full-page capture method
| Method | What it captures | Best fit | Important caveat |
|---|---|---|---|
CLI --screenshot with --window-size |
Image at the requested dimensions | A quick fixed-size screenshot from a command line | The CLI documentation does not describe it as full-document capture. |
Puppeteer fullPage: true |
Full-page image | Node.js browser automation with a high-level screenshot API | Delayed, lazy-loaded, or scroll-triggered content may need page-specific waits or population. |
DevTools Protocol Page.captureScreenshot |
Capture beyond the viewport when requested | Low-level protocol clients needing fine-grained control | Set suitable page bounds and check compatibility with the Chrome version in use. |
CLI --print-to-pdf |
Printable PDF, not an image | When a paginated document is acceptable | It does not produce a screenshot image. |
Puppeteer’s ScreenshotOptions documentation for version 25.12.0 defines fullPage as a full-page screenshot option, defaulting to false. The DevTools Protocol’s Page.captureScreenshot exposes captureBeyondViewport, also defaulting to false. A protocol client must request the intended capture region as well as enable beyond-viewport capture; the linked tip-of-tree protocol reference can change and does not promise backwards compatibility.
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Take a full-page screenshot with Puppeteer
Install Puppeteer in a Node.js project, save this as full-page.js, and run it with node full-page.js https://example.com. It writes the screenshot to page.png in the current directory.
const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
(async () => {
const url = process.argv[2];
if (!url) {
throw new Error('Usage: node full-page.js https://example.com');
}
const browser = await puppeteer.launch({ headless: true });
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'page.png', fullPage: true });
console.log('Saved page.png');
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
})();fullPage: true requests a full-page capture; it does not guarantee that every application has finished asynchronous work or loaded content that only appears after scrolling. Choose a page-ready condition suited to the site, then explicitly wait for important content where needed.
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Use the CLI when a larger viewport is enough
If the target is a specific fixed image size rather than the complete document, set that size explicitly. The following example requests a 1440-by-3000 capture:
chrome --headless --window-size=1440,3000 --screenshot=page.png https://example.comThis asks for a screenshot at those dimensions. It does not discover the page’s total height or guarantee capture of all document content. Chrome’s command-line reference also documents --timeout and --virtual-time-budget for controlling when the page is captured; these affect timing, not capture bounds.
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Use the DevTools Protocol for lower-level control
When using Page.captureScreenshot directly, enable captureBeyondViewport and provide the page bounds you intend to capture. The exact protocol-client setup depends on the library and Chrome version, so consult the protocol version applicable to your browser rather than assuming the tip-of-tree schema is stable.
Make sure the page is ready before capturing
Full-page bounds and page readiness are separate problems. A full-page option can include the document’s full dimensions while still missing images or content that has not loaded yet. Pages may depend on asynchronous requests, delayed scripts, user interaction, or scrolling to populate content.
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- Wait for a meaningful selector that indicates the content is ready, rather than assuming navigation completion means all application work is finished.
- For lazy-loaded images or scroll-triggered sections, scroll through the page or otherwise trigger the site’s loading behavior before capturing.
- Use CLI timeout or virtual-time controls only to adjust capture timing; they do not force every application to finish its work.
- If an image is clipped or unexpectedly small despite the requested dimensions, verify the exact command, Chrome binary and version, page readiness, and any automation wrapper.
Check which Headless Chrome binary your tutorial expects
Headless Chrome packaging has changed. Chromium states that precompiled headless_shell binaries became available through Chrome for Testing at M118. From M132, the old Headless functionality is no longer part of the Chrome binary, and --headless=old has no effect; users of old Headless should migrate to the separately distributed chrome-headless-shell. Check the Chromium Headless README and the actual binary and version you run when following older instructions.
Troubleshoot a viewport-only or incomplete image
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| The CLI image shows only the visible area. | --screenshot uses the requested screenshot dimensions; --window-size does not request full-document capture. |
Use Puppeteer fullPage: true or a DevTools Protocol capture with appropriate bounds and captureBeyondViewport. |
| The image is taller, but still not the entire page. | The requested window size is a fixed size, not automatic document-height measurement. | Switch to a full-page automation or protocol method. |
| The bottom of the page is present, but some sections or images are missing. | Content may be delayed, lazy-loaded, or triggered by scrolling. | Wait for the required page state and populate scroll-triggered content before taking the screenshot. |
| The capture is blank, clipped, or does not match the command’s dimensions. | The exact invocation, browser build, page state, or wrapper may differ from the documented behavior. | Confirm the executable and version, inspect the full command and wrapper, and check the page’s readiness before capture. |
| An old tutorial’s Headless option no longer works. | Old Headless was removed from the Chrome binary at M132; --headless=old has no effect. |
Use supported Chrome Headless or migrate old-Headless workflows to chrome-headless-shell. |
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server. One GET request returns an image or PDF; for a full-page image, pass the API’s full-page option as documented. Cookie banners are accepted or removed, and known newsletter popups and chat widgets are removed before the shot; each cleanup step can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits cost nothing, with verdict and billing status reported in response headers.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does –window-size capture a whole webpage?
No. It sets the requested screenshot dimensions; it does not automatically measure the full document.
Does Puppeteer fullPage guarantee lazy-loaded content appears?
No. It requests full-page bounds, but content that depends on delays or scrolling may need to be loaded before capture.
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Is –print-to-pdf a full-page screenshot option?
It produces a PDF document, not a screenshot image.
Quick Recap
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